Cerebellar and cortico-striatal-midbrain contributions to reward-cognition processes and apathy within the psychosis continuum.

Negative symptoms in the psychosis continuum are linked to impairments in reward processing and cognitive function. Processes at the interface of reward processing and cognition and their relation to negative symptoms remain little studied, despite evidence suggestive of integration in mechanisms and neural circuitry. Here, we investigated brain activation during reward-dependent modulation of working memory (WM) and their relationship to negative symptoms in subclinical and early stages of the psychosis continuum.

Aberrant striatal coupling with default mode and central executive network relates to self-reported avolition and anhedonia in schizophrenia.

Background: Avolition and anhedonia are common symptoms in schizophrenia and are related to poor long-term prognosis. There is evidence for aberrant cortico-striatal function and connectivity as neural substrate of avolition and anhedonia. However, it remains unclear how both relate to shared or distinct striatal coupling with large-scale intrinsic networks.

Anterior cingulate volume predicts response to psychotherapy and functional connectivity with the inferior parietal cortex in major depressive disorder.

In major depressive disorder (MDD), the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) has been associated with clinical outcome as well as with antidepressant treatment response. Nonetheless, the association between individual differences in ACC structure and function and the response to cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is still unexplored. For this aim, twenty-five unmedicated patients with MDD were scanned with structural and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging before the beginning of CBT treatment.

The potential impact of biochemical mediators on telomere attrition in major depressive disorder and implications for future study designs: A narrative review.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been proposed to represent a "disease of premature aging", which is associated with certain biomarkers of cellular ageing and numerous other age-related diseases. Over the last decade, telomere length (TL) arose as a surrogate for cellular aging. Recent data suggests that TL might be reduced in patients with MDD, however, results are still inconclusive.

Resting state brain network function in major depression - Depression symptomatology, antidepressant treatment effects, future research.

The alterations of functional connectivity brain networks in major depressive disorder (MDD) have been subject of a large number of studies. Using different methodologies and focusing on diverse aspects of the disease, research shows heterogeneous results lacking integration. Disrupted network connectivity has been found in core MDD networks like the default mode network (DMN), the central executive network (CEN), and the salience network, but also in cerebellar and thalamic circuitries.

Altered dynamics of brain connectivity in major depressive disorder at-rest and during task performance.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) has been associated with alterations in several functional brain networks. Previous studies investigating brain networks in MDD during the performance of a task have yielded inconsistent results with the function of the brain at rest. In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging at rest and during a goal-directed task to investigate dynamics of functional connectivity in 19 unmedicated patients with MDD and 19 healthy controls across both experimental paradigms.

Amygdala response to self-critical stimuli and symptom improvement in psychotherapy for depression.

Background: Cognitive-behavioural therapy is efficacious in the treatment of major depressive disorder but response rates are still far from satisfactory.

Aims: To better understand brain responses to individualised emotional stimuli and their association with outcome, to enhance treatment.

Method: Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected prior to individual psychotherapy.

Valence and agency influence striatal response to feedback in patients with major depressive disorder.

Background: Reduced sensitivity to positive feedback is common in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, findings regarding negative feedback are ambiguous, with both exaggerated and blunted responses being reported. The ventral striatum (VS) plays a major role in processing valenced feedback, and previous imaging studies have shown that the locus of controls (self agency v.

Funicular myelosis in a butcher: it was the cream cans.

Background. Funicular myelosis is a known consequence of exposure to nitrous oxide. Nevertheless, there are only a few clinical trials assessing its long-term effects and there is no literature about the role of nutritional vitamin B12 supplementation in the context of nitrous oxide abuse.

Prefrontal thinning affects functional connectivity and regional homogeneity of the anterior cingulate cortex in depression.

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with structural and functional alterations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Enhanced ACC activity at rest (measured using various imaging methodologies) is found in treatment-responsive patients and is hypothesized to bolster treatment response by fostering adaptive rumination. However, whether structural changes influence functional coupling between fronto-cingulate regions and ACC regional homogeneity (ReHo) and whether these functional changes are related to levels of adaptive rumination and treatment response is still unclear.

Functional lateralization of the anterior insula during feedback processing.

Effective adaptive behavior rests on an appropriate understanding of how much responsibility we have over outcomes in the environment. This attribution of agency to ourselves or to an external event influences our behavioral and affective response to the outcomes. Despite its special importance to understanding human motivation and affect, the neural mechanisms involved in self-attributed rewards and punishments remain unclear.

Sleep deprivation increases dorsal nexus connectivity to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in humans.

In many patients with major depressive disorder, sleep deprivation, or wake therapy, induces an immediate but often transient antidepressant response. It is known from brain imaging studies that changes in anterior cingulate and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex activity correlate with a relief of depression symptoms. Recently, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed that brain network connectivity via the dorsal nexus (DN), a cortical area in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, is dramatically increased in depressed patients.

Neural representation and clinically relevant moderators of individualised self-criticism in healthy subjects.

Many people routinely criticise themselves. While self-criticism is largely unproblematic for most individuals, depressed patients exhibit excessive self-critical thinking, which leads to strong negative affects. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging in healthy subjects (N = 20) to investigate neural correlates and possible psychological moderators of self-critical processing.