How difficult it is to think about uncertainty and perplexity.

The author has covered a range of issues to define concepts in psychoanalytic terms that are missing from psychoanalytic theory: the social, social subjectivity, the pain of the social, unpredictability, and uncertainty. First, she reconsiders social pain and social suffering from the perspective proposed by Freud in 1921 in terms of three psychic spaces - intersubjective, intrasubjective and transsubjective - which she considers to be different from one another, and she proposes that pain is manifested in different modes in each of these spaces.Second, she defines the concept of the social, separating it from the mass and proposing the concept of the collective as truly social.

The use of the past and the present in the clinical setting: pasts and presents.

The author provides a brief summary of Latin American literature concerning temporality. She shows that a common theme throughout all these papers is that the analytical relationship is considered to be bipersonal and symmetrical, thus demonstrating a concern for establishing the basis by which social subjectivity can be reconsidered. This literature displaces the idea of linear time from its central position and introduces other measures of time.