NOVELTY AND PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN THE SERENDIPEIDAE (CESTODA: "TETRAPHYLLIDEA").

Nanoduplicibothrium n. gen. is erected for the subgroup containing the smallest members of the "tetraphyllidean" family Serendipeidae with bothridia fused lengthwise in 2 pairs that lack both a distinct row of posterior loculi and a cephalic peduncle.

Phylogenetic relationships, host associations, and three new species of a poorly known group of "tetraphyllidean" tapeworms from elasmobranchs.

This paper aims to expand understanding of a poorly known group of cestodes that parasitize an intriguingly diverse suite of elasmobranchs. The group's three currently described members (i.e.

Novelty and phylogenetic affinities of a new family of tapeworms (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea) from endangered sawfish and guitarfish.

The parasites of hosts of conservation concern are often poorly known. This is the case with the iconic group of elasmobranchs known as the sawfish of the genus Pristis, all four species of which are considered as Endangered or Critically Endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN, Switzerland). Examination of cestodes from three species of sawfish (Pristis pristis, Pristis clavata, and Pristis zijsron) in Australia and one of their close relatives, the also critically endangered widenose guitarfish, Glaucostegus obtusus, in India, collected over the past 25 years, yielded four new species of tapeworms which are described herein.

Diversity and phylogenetic relationships of 'tetraphyllidean' Clade 3 (Cestoda) based on new material from orectolobiform sharks in Australia and Taiwan.

In an effort to expand knowledge of Clade 3-one of the ten clades that compose the non-monophyletic order 'Tetraphyllidea' all current members of which parasitise orectolobiform sharks-we targeted species of orectolobiform sharks that had not previously been examined for 'tetraphyllidean' cestodes. That work led to the discovery of three new species off Australia and Taiwan. Ambitalveolus gen.

Three new species of (Cestoda: 'Tetraphyllidea') from cownose rays in Senegal with a phylogenetic analysis of the genus.

Three new species of 'tetraphyllideans' in the family Serendipeidae are described from cownose rays off Senegal. Duplicibothrium jeannettae n. sp.

A revision of the Rhoptrobothriidae (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea).

The Rhoptrobothriidae are one of the more enigmatic families of cestodes of elasmobranchs. Opinions on the taxonomic status of the familys three original genera (i.e.

Two new species of Caulobothrium (Cestoda: "Tetraphyllidea") from the duckbill eagle ray, Aetomylaeus bovinus (Myliobatiformes: Myliobatidae), off Senegal with new insights on morphological features of the genus.

Two new species of the cestode genus Caulobothrium, collected from the duckbill eagle ray, Aetomylaeus bovinus, off Senegal, are described. Although postulated as sister taxa in an earlier molecular phylogenetic analysis, Caulobothrium multispelaeum n. sp.

Three new species of 'tetraphyllidean' cestodes from an undescribed bamboo shark (Orectolobiformes: Hemiscylliidae) in Sri Lanka.

Examination of seven specimens of an undescribed species of bamboo shark (Orectolobiformes: Hemiscylliidae), currently referred to as Chiloscyllium sp. 1, from Sri Lanka yielded three new species of 'tetraphyllidean' cestodes, one each in the genera Carpobothrium Shipley et Hornell, 1906, Spiniloculus Southwell, 1925, and Yorkeria Southwell, 1927. Carpobothrium marjorieae Caira, Otto et Jensen sp.

Electron microscopy reveals novel external specialized organs housing bacteria in eagle ray tapeworms.

Nutritionally-based mutualisms with bacteria are known to occur in a wide array of invertebrate phyla, although less commonly in the Platyhelminthes. Here we report what appears to be a novel example of this type of association in two geographically disparate and phylogenetically distant species of tapeworms of eagle rays-the lecanicephalidean Elicilacunosus dharmadii off the island of Borneo and the tetraphyllidean Caulobothrium multispelaeum off Senegal. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the grooves and apertures on the outer surfaces of both tapeworms open into expansive cavities housing concentrations of bacteria.

Three New Species of Rhinebothrium (Cestoda: Rhinebothriidea) from the Leopard Whipray, Himantura Leoparda, in Australia.

Examination of 4 specimens of the leopard whipray Himantura leoparda, a dasyatid stingray from northern Australia, led to the discovery of 3 new species of Rhinebothrium. Rhinebothrium leopardensis n. sp.

Intrigue surrounding the life-cycles of species of Clistobothrium (Cestoda: Phyllobothriidea) parasitising large pelagic sharks.

This study aimed to locate the adults, and thus also the definitive hosts, of three species of marine mammal-parasitising larval cestodes that have molecular affinities with Clistobothrium. New collections led to the discovery of adults of two new species of Clistobothrium, one from the longfin mako shark and one from the salmon shark. New material of Clistobothrium tumidum was collected from the great white shark and new material of a previously reported undescribed species of Clistobothrium was collected from the porbeagle shark.

New insights into the identities of the elasmobranch fauna of Sri Lanka.

Identities of elasmobranchs from Sri Lanka encountered during collections conducted in an intensive nine-day survey of fish markets and landing sites at 11 localities in the North Western, Northern, and Eastern Provinces in March of 2018 were assessed. In total, 111 specimens representing 34 elasmobranch species were examined. Sequence data for the NADH2 gene were generated for all specimens.

Redescription and taxonomic status of Dipturus chilensis (Guichenot, 1848), and description of Dipturus lamillai sp. nov. (Rajiformes: Rajidae), a new species of long-snout skate from the Falkland Islands.

Recent molecular evidence has called into question the identity of skates collected in the waters off the Falkland Islands previously identified as Zearaja chilensis. NADH2 sequence data indicate that these specimens are not conspecific with those currently referred to as Z. chilensis from Chile and, in fact, represent a novel cryptic species.

Site specificity and attachment mode of and species (Cestoda: "Tetraphyllidea") in smoothhound sharks of the genus (Carcharhiniformes: Triakidae).

Previous studies suggest that cestodes (i.e., tapeworms) of the sister genera and attach in different specific regions of the spiral intestine of their triakid shark hosts, with species of attaching in the anterior region of the spiral intestine and species of attaching with a broader distribution centered around the middle of the spiral intestine.

Three new genera of rhinebothriidean cestodes from stingrays in Southeast Asia.

Three genera of rhinebothriideans, previously referred to as New genus 1, New genus 2 and New genus 4, are erected in the the Anthocephaliidae. New genus 1 is established as Divaricobothrium gen. n.

Redescription and Molecular Assessment of Relationships Among Three Species of Echeneibothrium (Rhinebothriidea: Echeneibothriidae) Parasitizing the Yellownose Skate, Dipturus chilensis, in Chile.

Much progress has recently been made in revising the taxonomic assignments of genera originally classified in the polyphyletic "Tetraphyllidea." Many of these genera, including Echeneibothrium, were accommodated in the order Rhinebothriidea. However, beyond this larger taxonomic action, little work has been conducted on this genus over the past 50 yr.

When proglottids and scoleces conflict: phylogenetic relationships and a family-level classification of the Lecanicephalidea (Platyhelminthes: Cestoda).

This study presents the first comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the interrelationships of the morphologically diverse elasmobranch-hosted tapeworm order Lecanicephalidea, based on molecular sequence data. With almost half of current generic diversity having been erected or resurrected within the last decade, an apparent conflict between scolex morphology and proglottid anatomy has hampered the assignment of many of these genera to families. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of two nuclear markers (D1-D3 of lsrDNA and complete ssrDNA) and two mitochondrial markers (partial rrnL and partial cox1) for 61 lecanicephalidean species representing 22 of the 25 valid genera were conducted; new sequence data were generated for 43 species and 11 genera, including three undescribed genera.

Pararhinebothroides-Neither the Sister-Taxon of Rhinebothroides Nor a Valid Genus.

The genus Pararhinebothroides was established for a species of cestode (Parahinebothroides hobergi) found parasitizing the Tumbes round stingray, Urobatis tumbesensis (McEachran & Chirichigno), in the inshore Pacific waters in the Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador. Its apparent affinities with the freshwater endemic genus Rhinebothroides were considered evidence to support the long-standing, yet controversial, biogeographical hypothesis that freshwater stingrays of the family Potamotrygonidae derived from a Pacific marine ancestor during the Cretaceous Period before the uplifting of the Andes. Here, we re-evaluate the phylogenetic and taxonomic status of P.

The cestode order Rhinebothriidea no longer family-less: A molecular phylogenetic investigation with erection of two new families and description of eight new species of Anthocephalum.

The spiral intestines of a total of 30 specimens of 14 species of batoids from around the world were examined for rhinebothriideans. These consisted of Taeniura grabata, Dasyatis margaritella, and Dasyatis sp. from Senegal, Dasyatis americana from Florida, Dasyatis dipterura and Dasyatis longa from México, Himantura jenkinsii, Himantura leoparda, Himantura uarnak 2, Urogymnus asperrimus 1, and Neotrygon kuhlii 4 from Australia, in addition to Himantura uarnacoides and Neotrygon kuhlii 1 from Borneo.

A new genus and two new species of lecanicephalidean tapeworms from the striped panray, Zanobatus schoenleinii (Rhinopristiformes: Zanobatidae), off Senegal.

Recognised for their diversity in apical structure morphology, members of the cestode order Lecanicephalidea Wardle et McLeod, 1952 known to date exhibit relatively mundane and uniform acetabular morphology. A new lecanicephalidean genus, Zanobatocestus gen. n.

The dismantling of Calliobothrium (Cestoda: Tetraphyllidea) with erection of Symcallio n. gen. and description of two new species.

This paper aims to resolve the dual composition of the triakid shark-hosted tetraphyllidean genus Calliobothrium--an issue that has been recognized for over a decade. As it stands, this genus includes a number of large species with laciniate proglottids, most of which bear 3 suckers at the anterior margin of each bothridium, but it also includes a number of species that lack proglottid laciniations and bear only a single sucker per bothridium, most of which are relatively small. Discovery of 2 new species, 1 of each form, parasitizing the whitespot smoothhound shark, Mustelus palumbes, off South Africa, prompted the first molecular analysis of the genus.

A digest of elasmobranch tapeworms.

This review brings together decades of work on elasmobranch tapeworms. The field has advanced significantly over the past 20 yr, with an emphasis on the discovery and description of novel taxa, and the establishment of phylogenetic frameworks for individual orders and their interrelationships. Tapeworms parasitizing elasmobranchs represent 9 orders and include 977 species and 201 genera-over 250 species and 50 genera are new within the last 2 decades.

Floriparicapitus, a new genus of lecanicephalidean tapeworm (Cestoda) from sawfishes (Pristidae) and guitarfishes (Rhinobatidae) in the Indo-West Pacific.

Floriparicapitus n. gen. (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea), with Floriparicapitus euzeti n.

Seasonal dynamics of the cestode fauna in spiny dogfish, Squalus acanthias (Squaliformes: Squalidae).

This study furthers understanding of cestode infections in a marine environment through time and space by following seasonal fluctuations in infection parameters of three cestode species (Gilquinia squali, Trilocularia gracilis and Phyllobothrium squali) parasitizing spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) in the northwest Atlantic and comparing them to work previously published from the northeast Atlantic on T. gracilis. For each cestode species, host size, season and presence of the other cestode species were analysed using generalized linear models to determine if they were good predictors of prevalence and intensity.

The ocellated eagle ray, Aetobatus ocellatus (Myliobatiformes: Myliobatidae), from Borneo and northern Australia as host of four new species of Hornellobothrium (Cestoda: Lecanicephalidea).

Four new species are described in the lecanicephalidean genus Hornellobothrium from the ocellated eagle ray, Aetobatus ocellatus, from Australia and Indonesian Borneo. The species possess flat, laterally expanded immature proglottids and a small internal, glandular apical organ diagnostic of the genus. To date, only 2 valid species are recognized in the genus: Hornellobothrium cobraformis Shipley & Hornell, 1906 , from " Aetobatus narinari " from Sri Lanka, and Hornellobothrium extensivum Jensen, 2005 , from A.