Plasmapheresis as a viable treatment option for scleritis.

Purpose: We describe a case and our experience with using plasmapheresis as a treatment for scleritis.

Observations: Treating relapsing autoimmune scleritis can be challenging when it inadequately responds to traditional therapy. Our patient could not receive non-steroidal anti-inflammatory therapy for her scleritis due to recent gastrointestinal surgery and previously failed multiple steroid sparing treatments due to intolerance.

Endophthalmitis after pars plana vitrectomy with reused single-use devices: a 13-year retrospective study.

Background: To describe the incidence, clinical characteristics, and treatment outcomes of endophthalmitis after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with recycled single-use devices. The recommended sterilization process as well as safety measures are discussed.

Methods: Medical charts of patients who developed endophthalmitis after PPV were retrospectively reviewed and reported in a descriptive manner.

Poor prognostic factors in post-traumatic endophthalmitis following open globe injury.

Aim: To demonstrate prognostic factors for poor visual outcome in patients with post-traumatic endophthalmitis (PTE) following open globe injury.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 66 patients (66 eyes) with PTE following open globe injury from 2005 to 2015. Potential factors accounting for good and poor visual outcome were statistically analyzed by Chi-square test and Logistic regression model.

Analysis of Three-Dimensional Choroidal Volume with Enhanced Depth Imaging Findings in Patients with Recurrent Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease.

: To demonstrate changes in three-dimensional choroidal volume with enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) in patients with recurrent stage of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease (VKH).: This prospective comparative case series included 9 patients with recurrent VKH, 10 patients with quiet VKH, and 15 healthy controls after sample size was calculated. All VKH cases with recurrences underwent raster scanning with EDI-OCT at active and inactive stages of the disease.

Risk factors for endophthalmitis after cataract surgery in diabetic patients: a case control study.

Aim: To identify risk factors associated with post-cataract surgery endophthalmitis (PCE) in type 2 diabetic patients.

Methods: A hospital-based retrospective case-control study was conducted on 194 type 2 diabetic patients undergoing cataract surgery in Rajavithi Hospital from January 2007 to December 2015. Fifteen patients with PCE were included as the case group and 179 patients without PCE were included as the control group.

Homonymous Horizontal Sectoranopia Caused by an Occipital Lobe Infarct.

Homonymous horizontal sectoranopia is a rare visual field defect that characteristically occurs after damage to the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). While there are many reports of homonymous horizontal sectoranopia resulting from LGN damage, there are very few reports of homonymous horizontal sectoranopia resulting from damage to other areas of the brain. We present a unique case of a patient with a homonymous horizontal sectoranopia with an occipital lobe infarct.

VITREOUS TREPONEMAL ANTIBODY AS A SUPPLEMENTARY TEST TO SEROLOGY FOR THE CONFIRMATION OF SYPHILITIC CHORIORETINITIS.

Purpose: To report the novel application of nontreponemal and treponemal antibody to confirm diagnosis of ocular syphilis from vitreous samples.

Methods: Two distinct case reports emphasizing the importance of confirmatory vitreous treponemal antibody. Multimodal imaging of patients was also applied.

Culture-Positive Endogenous Endophthalmitis: An Eleven-Year Retrospective Study in the Central Region of Thailand.

Purpose: To report the characteristics of infection and prognostic factors of endogenous endophthalmitis (EE) over an 11-year period.

Methods: The clinical records of 41 eyes of 36 patients diagnosed with culture-proven EE at the Rajavithi Hospital were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: Median age at presentation was 58 years.

Endogenous Cryptococcal Endophthalmitis in Immunocompetent Host: Case Report and Review of Multimodal Imaging Findings and Treatment.

Purpose: To describe a case of bilateral endogenous cryptococcal endophthalmitis in an immunocompetent host and to review adjunctive ophthalmic imaging patterns and treatment.

Methods: A retrospective case report.

Results: A 45-year-old female patient with two distinct presentations of endogenous cryptococcal endophthalmitis in each eye presented initially with progressive blurred vision in the left eye, beginning more than 10 years after a craniotomy with ventriculoperitoneal shunt.

POOR PROGNOSTIC FACTORS IN PATIENTS WITH BIRDSHOT RETINOCHOROIDOPATHY.

Purpose: To identify prognostic factors for poor visual outcome in patients with birdshot retinochoroidopathy.

Methods: A case-control study of 98 patients with birdshot retinochoroidopathy (196 eyes) was evaluated with a follow-up period of at least 12 months. After exclusion of glaucoma, optic atrophy, and macular scar, the remaining eligible patients were categorized into two groups: poor visual outcomes and good visual outcomes.

Birdshot Retinochoroidopathy: Differences in Clinical Characteristics between Patients with Early and Late Age of Onset.

Purpose: To describe differences in the clinical characteristics of birdshot retinochoroidopathy (BSRC) patients diagnosed early and later in life.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. Age was primarily analyzed and 50 years of age at diagnosis was selected as a cut-off point.

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome: Perspectives for immunogenetics, multimodal imaging, and therapeutic options.

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (VKH) is a bilateral, diffuse granulomatous uveitis associated with neurological, audiovestibular, and dermatological systems. The primary pathogenesis is T-cell-mediated autoimmune response directed towards melanocyte or melanocyte-associated antigens causing inflammation of the choroidal layer. This phenomenon usually leads to diffuse inflammatory conditions throughout most parts of eye before ocular complications ensue.

Outcome of tocilizumab treatment in refractory ocular inflammatory diseases.

Purpose: To report the outcomes of tocilizumab treatment for refractory ocular inflammatory diseases.

Methods: A retrospective case series of 17 patients (28 eyes) diagnosed with recalcitrant ocular inflammatory diseases including uveitis (10 cases), scleritis (six cases) and orbital pseudotumour (one case), who received tocilizumab between April 2010 and March 2015. All patients were initiated with treatment of 4 mg/kg or 8 mg/kg tocilizumab.

ANALYSIS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL CHOROIDAL VOLUME WITH ENHANCED DEPTH IMAGING FINDINGS IN PATIENTS WITH BIRDSHOT RETINOCHOROIDOPATHY.

Purpose: To describe changes in three-dimensional choroidal volume and thickness with full raster scans of enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography in patients with birdshot retinochoroidopathy.

Methods: This prospective case series collected spectral domain optical coherence tomography images with the enhanced depth imaging technique from eight eyes of eight patients with birdshot retinochoroidopathy including four active patients (four eyes) and four quiet patients (four eyes). Fifty scans of each patient were manually segmented before automated built-in calibration software was used.

Short-Wavelength Automated Perimetry Parameters at Baseline and Following Remission in Patients With Birdshot Retinochoroidopathy.

Purpose: To identify changes in short-wavelength automated perimetry patterns and parameters between the active and inactive states.

Design: Retrospective cohort study with age-matched, normal controls.

Methods: setting: Private tertiary referral center.

Ocular involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Purpose Of Review: Many patients suffer from the ocular manifestations associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Retinal vasculitis and optic neuritis are two of the most vision-threatening complications that can be associated with the disease. Ocular manifestations are often associated with wide-spread systemic inflammation which can be fatal.

Actin-dependent mitochondrial internalization in cardiomyocytes: evidence for rescue of mitochondrial function.

Previously, we have demonstrated that the transplantation of viable, structurally intact, respiration competent mitochondria into the ischemic myocardium during early reperfusion significantly enhanced cardioprotection by decreasing myocellular damage and enhancing functional recovery. Our in vitro and in vivo studies established that autologous mitochondria are internalized into cardiomyocytes following transplantation; however, the mechanism(s) modulating internalization of these organelles were unknown. Here, we show that internalization of mitochondria occurs through actin-dependent endocytosis and rescues cell function by increasing ATP content and oxygen consumption rates.

Rapid isolation and purification of mitochondria for transplantation by tissue dissociation and differential filtration.

Previously described mitochondrial isolation methods using differential centrifugation and/or Ficoll gradient centrifugation require 60 to 100 min to complete. We describe a method for the rapid isolation of mitochondria from mammalian biopsies using a commercial tissue dissociator and differential filtration. In this protocol, manual homogenization is replaced with the tissue dissociator's standardized homogenization cycle.