DEP-1 is a brain insulin receptor phosphatase that prevents the simultaneous activation of counteracting metabolic pathways.

A healthy metabolism relies on precise regulation of anabolic and catabolic pathways. While insulin deficiency impairs anabolism, insulin resistance in obesity causes metabolic dysfunction, especially via altered brain insulin receptor (IR) activity. Density-enhanced phosphatase 1 (DEP-1) negatively modulates the IR in peripheral tissues.

High-fat diet alters N-glycosylation of PTPRJ in murine liver.

Protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) regulate multiple signaling pathways. Disruption of tyrosine phosphorylation through imbalanced action between protein tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and PTPs is a hallmark of metabolic disorders, including insulin resistance. A representative member of the receptor-type PTP family, PTPRJ (DEP-1), was previously identified as a negative regulator of insulin signaling and possesses post-translational glycosylation sites.

Physical Activity, Energy Expenditure, Nutritional Habits, Quality of Sleep and Stress Levels in Shift-Working Health Care Personnel.

Background: Among health care personnel working regular hours or rotating shifts can affect parameters of general health and nutrition. We have investigated physical activity, sleep quality, metabolic activity and stress levels in health care workers from both groups.

Methods: We prospectively recruited 46 volunteer participants from the workforce of a University Medical Department of which 23 worked in rotating shifts (all nursing) and 21 non-shift regular hours (10 nursing, 13 clerical staff).

Early Parenteral Nutrition in Patients with Biliopancreatic Mass Lesions, a Prospective, Randomized Intervention Trial.

Purpose: Patients with biliopancreatic tumors frequently suffer from weight loss and cachexia. The in-hospital work-up to differentiate between benign and malignant biliopancreatic lesions requires repeated pre-interventional fasting periods that can aggravate this problem. We conducted a randomized intervention study to test whether routine in-hospital peripheral intravenous nutrition on fasting days (1000 ml/24 h, 700 kcal) has a beneficial effect on body weight and body composition.

Evaluation of a non-invasive multisensor accelerometer for calculating energy expenditure in ventilated intensive care patients compared to indirect calorimetry and predictive equations.

Continuous measurement of resting energy expenditure (REE) in critically ill patients remains challenging but is required to prevent malnutrition. SenseWear Pro 3 Armband (SWA) is a research grade accelerometer for assessment of REE with the advantage of easy handling. In a prospective study we compared SWA with indirect calorimetry (IC) and predictive equations in critically ill, ventilated patients.

Geriatric nutritional risk index correlates with length of hospital stay and inflammatory markers in older inpatients.

Background & Aims: Malnutrition is a prevalent condition in older inpatients and has been shown to increase morbidity and direct medical costs. A number of established tools to assess malnutrition are available but malnourished patients rarely receive adequate nutritional assessment and treatment. The medical and economic consequences of malnutrition in hospitalized patients are therefore often underestimated.

Nutrition in Pancreatic Cancer: A Review.

Background: Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality in both genders. More than 80% of patients suffer from significant weight loss at diagnosis and over time develop severe cachexia. Early nutritional support is therefore essential.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Changes in Abdominal Compartments in Obese Diabetics during a Low-Calorie Weight-Loss Program.

Objectives: To investigate changes in the fat content of abdominal compartments and muscle area during weight loss using confounder-adjusted chemical-shift-encoded magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in overweight diabetics.

Methods: Twenty-nine obese diabetics (10/19 men/women, median age: 59.0 years, median body mass index (BMI): 34.

Inhibition of Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1 increases insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet-induced insulin-resistant mice.

Insulin resistance plays a crucial role in the development of type 2 diabetes. Insulin receptor signalling is antagonized and tightly controlled by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). However, the precise role of the PTP src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1 (SHP-1) in insulin resistance has not been explored.

The Influence of Age and Sex on Genetic Associations with Adult Body Size and Shape: A Large-Scale Genome-Wide Interaction Study.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 100 genetic variants contributing to BMI, a measure of body size, or waist-to-hip ratio (adjusted for BMI, WHRadjBMI), a measure of body shape. Body size and shape change as people grow older and these changes differ substantially between men and women. To systematically screen for age- and/or sex-specific effects of genetic variants on BMI and WHRadjBMI, we performed meta-analyses of 114 studies (up to 320,485 individuals of European descent) with genome-wide chip and/or Metabochip data by the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (GIANT) Consortium.

Quality control of parenteral nutrition in hospitalized patients.

Objective: For hospitalized patients requiring parenteral nutrition (PN), adequate nutritional support has a profound effect on hospital length of stay, morbidity, mortality, and complication rates. Inappropriate or inadequate nutritional therapy may worsen clinical outcome. The aim of this study was to investigate the compliance with nutritional guidelines for PN in a university hospital setting.

Knockout of Density-Enhanced Phosphatase-1 impairs cerebrovascular reserve capacity in an arteriogenesis model in mice.

Collateral growth, arteriogenesis, represents a proliferative mechanism involving endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and monocytes/macrophages. Here we investigated the role of Density-Enhanced Phosphatase-1 (DEP-1) in arteriogenesis in vivo, a protein-tyrosine-phosphatase that has controversially been discussed with regard to vascular cell biology. Wild-type C57BL/6 mice subjected to permanent left common carotid artery occlusion (CCAO) developed a significant diameter increase in distinct arteries of the circle of Willis, especially in the anterior cerebral artery.

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 3 promotes adipose tissue-driven macrophage chemotaxis and is increased in obesity.

Background: Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-dependent extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is a key feature in cardiometabolic syndrome-associated adipogenesis and atherosclerosis. Activation of membrane-tethered (MT) 1-MMP depends on furin (PCSK3). However, the regulation and function of the natural furin-inhibitor serpinB8 and thus furin/MT1-MMP-activity in obesity-related tissue inflammation/remodeling is unknown.

Targeting density-enhanced phosphatase-1 (DEP-1) with antisense oligonucleotides improves the metabolic phenotype in high-fat diet-fed mice.

Background: Insulin signaling is tightly controlled by tyrosine dephosphorylation of the insulin receptor through protein-tyrosine-phosphatases (PTPs). DEP-1 is a PTP dephosphorylating tyrosine residues in a variety of receptor tyrosine kinases. Here, we analyzed whether DEP-1 activity is differentially regulated in liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue under high-fat diet (HFD), examined the role of DEP-1 in insulin resistance in vivo, and its function in insulin signaling.

Development of a telemedical monitoring concept for the care of malnourished geriatric home-dwelling patients: a pilot study.

Elderly patients are at high risk of malnutrition and sarcopenia, promoting further morbidity which in turn decreases quality of life and increases the claiming of medical services and associated costs. Early and sustained administration of oral nutritional supplements has been shown to improve the nutritional status with robust clinical benefit. Many patients however, poorly adhere to prescribed supplements, so consistent monitoring is needed.

High-dose treatment with telmisartan induces monocytic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ target genes in patients with the metabolic syndrome.

The present study aimed to explore the anti-inflammatory effects and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ)-activating properties of the angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker telmisartan by analysis of serum interleukin 6 levels and monocytic PPARγ target gene expression in drug-naïve patients with the metabolic syndrome. This was a 14-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 2-center study with telmisartan 80 mg/d and telmisartan 160 mg/d in 54 patients with the metabolic syndrome. In addition to clinical laboratory measurements, peripheral monocytes were extracted by negative isolation using a Dynal Monocyte kit to evaluate ligand-activated PPARγ target gene expression (CD36 and CD163) at baseline and study end using quantitative real-time RT-PCR.

Integrin cleavage regulates bidirectional signalling in vascular smooth muscle cells.

Integrins link the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix, providing outside-in/inside-out signalling essential for vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) migration in atherosclerosis. The integrin av subunit is synthesised from its precursor via furin-dependent endoproteolytic cleavage. Furin is a proprotein convertase (PC) highly expressed in VSMCs and in human atherosclerotic lesions.

Randomized Pilot Study Comparing Rates of Endocervical Cell Recovery between Conventional Pap Smears and Liquid-Based Cytology in a Pregnant Population.

OBJECTIVE.: To determine whether liquid-based cytology improves Pap smear adequacy, as defined by the presence of endocervical cells, compared with conventional cytology during pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS.