Peat and disinfectant powder used in swine husbandry systems - quantification of oral intake using toxic metals as potential markers.

The use of enrichment and bedding materials in pig husbandry intends to comply with the animals' behavioural needs to perform natural exploratory behaviour, which is strongly connected to foraging behaviour. It can thus be assumed that pigs will ingest a certain material quantity possibly posing a risk to animal health and food safety as previous studies identified contaminants in enrichment and bedding materials. However, risk assessment requires knowledge about the effective amount of ingested material.

Evaluation of the Transformation and Leaching Behavior of Two Polyfluoroalkyl Phosphate Diesters in a Field Lysimeter Study.

In this study, 6:2 and 8:2 polyfluoroalkyl phosphate diester (diPAP) were individually investigated in lysimeters under near-natural conditions. Leachate was sampled for 2 years, as was the soil after the experiment. In the leachate of the diPAP-spiked soils, perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) of different chain lengths were detected [23.

Degradation and Plant Transfer Rates of Seven Fluorotelomer Precursors to Perfluoroalkyl Acids and F-53B in a Soil-Plant System with Maize (.).

Fluorotelomer precursors in soil constitute a reservoir for perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) in the environment. In the present study, precursor degradation and transfer rates of seven fluorotelomer precursors and F-53B (chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonates) were investigated in pot experiments with maize plants (.).

Leaching and Transformation of Perfluoroalkyl Acids and Polyfluoroalkyl Phosphate Diesters in Unsaturated Soil Column Studies.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are environmentally ubiquitous, anthropogenic substances with adverse effects on organisms, which shows the need to study their environmental fate and leaching behavior. In the present soil columns study, the leaching behavior and fate of nontransformable and transformable (precursors) were investigated. Ten nontransformable PFAS in two different soils, two precursors and two field soils, which were already contaminated with a mixture of PFAS, and two uncontaminated controls, were set up for a time span of 2 years.

Preference and possible consumption of provided enrichment and bedding materials and disinfectant powder by growing pigs.

Background: Domestic pigs have an evolutionary conserved exploratory behaviour. To comply with this requirement, the European Union aims at setting standards for appropriate enrichment materials for pigs (Council Directive 2008/120/EC). As recommended characteristics include 'chewable' and 'edible', pigs might also consume these materials (Commission Recommendation (EU) 2016/336), which are often additionally advertised to enhance lying comfort and hygienic conditions in stables.

Predicting the transfer of contaminants in ruminants by models - potentials and challenges.

Undesirable substances in feed can transfer into foods of animal origin after ingestion by livestock animals. These contaminants in food may threaten consumer health. Commonly, feeding trials are conducted with animals to assess the transfer of undesirable substances into animal tissues or milk.

Transfer of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) from Feed into the Eggs of Laying Hens. Part 1: Analytical Results Including a Modified Total Oxidizable Precursor Assay.

The group of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) comprises thousands of chemicals, which are used in various industrial applications and consumer products. In this study, a feeding experiment with laying hens and feed grown on a contamination site was conducted, and PFAS were analyzed in the feed and eggs to assess the transfer of PFAS into eggs. A targeted analysis of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) and different sulfonamides was performed.

Transfer of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) from Feed into the Eggs of Laying Hens. Part 2: Toxicokinetic Results Including the Role of Precursors.

A feeding study was performed to examine the bioaccumulation of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in laying hens' tissues and plasma and feed-to-egg transfer rates and half-lives. A 25 day exposure was followed by a 42 day depuration period. A target analysis revealed substantial amounts of the precursors -methyl and -ethyl perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid (Me- and EtFOSAA), perfluorooctane sulfonamidoacetic acid (FOSAA), and perfluorooctane sulfonamide (FOSA).

Toxicokinetics of seven perfluoroalkyl sulfonic and carboxylic acids in pigs fed a contaminated diet.

The transfer of a mixture of perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) from contaminated feed into the edible tissues of 24 fattening pigs was investigated. Four perfluoroalkyl sulfonic (PFSAs) and three perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) were quantifiable in feed, plasma, edible tissues, and urine. As percentages of unexcreted PFAA, the substances accumulated in plasma (up to 51%), fat, and muscle tissues (collectively, meat 40-49%), liver (under 7%), and kidney (under 2%) for most substances.

Absorption, distribution, and milk secretion of the perfluoroalkyl acids PFBS, PFHxS, PFOS, and PFOA by dairy cows fed naturally contaminated feed.

The transfer of the perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS), perfluorohexanesulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) from feed into tissue and milk of dairy cows was investigated. Holstein cows (n = 6) were fed a PFAA-contaminated feed for 28 days. After the PFAA-feeding period, three cows were slaughtered while the others were fed PFAA-free feed for another 21 days (depuration period).

Transfer of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) from contaminated feed into milk and meat of sheep: pilot study.

A pilot study was performed with dairy sheep to generate the first data on the transfer of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) from feed into food of animal origin. Corn silage was cultivated on cropland in Lower Saxony in Germany where, as a result of illegal waste disposal in 2006, farmland was contaminated with perfluorinated alkylacids (PFAAs). Two sheep were exposed by way of PFAA-contaminated corn silage to PFOS (1.