miR-449, identified through antiandrogen exposure, mitigates functional biomarkers associated with ovarian cancer risk.

The involvement of the androgen receptor (AR) pathway in developing epithelial ovarian cancer is increasingly acknowledged. However, the specific mechanisms by which anti-androgen agents, such as flutamide, may prevent ovarian cancer and their efficacy remain unknown. This study was initiated by investigating the impact of flutamide on miRNA expression in women at high risk (HR) for ovarian cancer.

Antiandrogen Flutamide-Induced Restoration of miR-449 Expression Mitigates Functional Biomarkers Associated with Ovarian Cancer Risk.

Background: The involvement of the androgen and androgen receptor (AR) pathway in the development of epithelial ovarian cancer is increasingly recognized. However, the specific mechanisms by which anti-androgen agents, such as flutamide, may prevent ovarian cancer and their efficacy remain unknown. We examined the effects of flutamide on the miRNA expression profile found in women at high risk (HR) for ovarian cancer.

Adavosertib with Chemotherapy in Patients with Primary Platinum-Resistant Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, or Peritoneal Cancer: An Open-Label, Four-Arm, Phase II Study.

Purpose: This study assessed the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetics of adavosertib in combination with four chemotherapy agents commonly used in patients with primary platinum-resistant ovarian cancer.

Patients And Methods: Women with histologically or cytologically confirmed epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or peritoneal cancer with measurable disease were enrolled between January 2015 and January 2018 in this open-label, four-arm, multicenter, phase II study. Patients received adavosertib (oral capsules, 2 days on/5 days off or 3 days on/4 days off) in six cohorts from 175 mg once daily to 225 mg twice daily combined with gemcitabine, paclitaxel, carboplatin, or pegylated liposomal doxorubicin.

Incidence of Hypersensitivity Reactions to Carboplatin or Paclitaxel in Patients With Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, or Primary Peritoneal Cancer With or Without or Mutations.

The association of mutation status with hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) to carboplatin has gained interest in recent years, particularly in patients with ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancer. The primary objective of this study is to determine whether the presence of mutations increased the likelihood of HSRs to carboplatin. The incidence of HSRs to paclitaxel and symptom grade based on the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.

Rucaparib in relapsed, platinum-sensitive high-grade ovarian carcinoma (ARIEL2 Part 1): an international, multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial.

Background: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have activity in ovarian carcinomas with homologous recombination deficiency. Along with BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA) mutations genomic loss of heterozygosity (LOH) might also represent homologous recombination deficiency. In ARIEL2, we assessed the ability of tumour genomic LOH, quantified with a next-generation sequencing assay, to predict response to rucaparib, an oral PARP inhibitor.

MRI of ovarian torsion: Correlation of imaging features with the presence of perifollicular hemorrhage and ovarian viability.

Purpose: The purpose of our study is to test for: (a) correlation between the presence of a perifollicular T2-hypointense rim on MRI with the presence of perifollicular hemorrhage on histology; and (b) correlation between this finding and diminished ovarian viability after intra-operative detorsion.

Methods And Materials: Our IRB-approved, retrospective study evaluated 780 patients between August 2012 and February 2016 with ovarian torsion as a diagnostic consideration on the emergency department note. Patients were included if they had preoperative MRI and intraoperatively confirmed case of ovarian torsion.

Assessment of the Role of Intraoperative Frozen Section in Guiding Surgical Staging for Endometrial Cancer.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the role of intraoperative frozen section (FS) in guiding decision making for surgical staging of endometrioid endometrial cancer (EC).

Methods: Medical records were collected retrospectively on 112 patients with endometrioid EC, who underwent total hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy at the University of Arizona Medical Center from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2014. Only patients with endometrioid adenocarcinoma, grade 1, less than 50% myometrial invasion, and tumor size less than 2 cm determined by intraoperative FS omitted lymphadenectomy; otherwise, surgical staging was performed with lymph node dissection.

Primary sources of pelvic serous cancer in patients with endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma.

Serous endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma is often associated with extrauterine disease. It is currently unclear where does the extrauterine disease come from. This study addressed this issue.

Tubal origin of ovarian endometriosis.

Endometriosis is a puzzling and debilitating disease that affects millions of women around the world. Ovary is the most common organ site involved by endometriosis. Despite various hypotheses about its cell of origin, uncertainty remains.

Secretory cell expansion with aging: risk for pelvic serous carcinogenesis.

Objective: Recent advances suggest that precancerous lesions of pelvic serous carcinoma (PSC) originate from tubal secretory cells. The purpose of our study was to determine if increased number of secretory cells shows difference in age and location and to examine their association with serous neoplasia.

Materials And Methods: Three groups (benign control, high-risk, and PSC) of patients with matched ages were studied.

PAX8: a sensitive and specific marker to identify cancer cells of ovarian origin for patients prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by cytoreduction surgery has been used where an accurate cytologic or pathologic diagnosis is usually required before the initiation of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, it is difficult to make definitive diagnosis of presence of cancer cells, particularly gynecologic versus non-gynecologic origin, from those ascites specimens due to the absence of specific biomarkers of gynecologic cancers. In the present study, we evaluated if, in addition to the routine morphologic diagnosis, the biomarker PAX8 could be useful in recognition of ovarian epithelial cancer cells prior to the neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Lynch syndrome related endometrial cancer: clinical significance beyond the endometrium.

Lynch syndrome (LS), an autosomal dominant inherited cancer susceptibility syndrome, also known as hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer (HNPCC), is caused by a germline mutation in one of several DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. LS is the most common presentation of hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC), accounting for about 2-5% of all CRC cases. More recently, it is found that a similar number of endometrial cancers is also due to one of the MMR gene mutations.

Struma ovarii simulating ovarian sertoli cell tumor: a case report with literature review.

Struma ovarii, as a monodermal variant of ovarian teratoma, constitutes about less than 3% of ovarian teratomas. It is difficult to be macroscopically recognized. Multiple appearances under microscope serve as another reason to mislead the accurate pathologic evaluation.

Phase I trial of intraperitoneal pemetrexed, cisplatin, and paclitaxel in optimally debulked ovarian cancer.

Purpose: This phase I trial evaluated intraperitoneal (i.p.) pemetrexed, cisplatin, and paclitaxel in optimally debulked ovarian cancer.

Screening for ovarian cancer.

Background: Ovarian cancer remains the most deadly of the gynecologic cancers. It is difficult to diagnose until in advanced stages. An effective screening test may help to decrease mortality from ovarian cancer.

Ovarian cancer metastatic to the breast presenting as inflammatory breast cancer: a case report and literature review.

Background. Primary ovarian carcinoma with metastasis to the breast is rare, with only 39 cases reported in the current literature. Ovarian metastasis to the breast presenting as inflammatory breast carcinoma is even more infrequent, with only 6 cases reported.

Gedunin, a novel natural substance, inhibits ovarian cancer cell proliferation.

The discovery of more active therapeutic compounds is essential if the outcome for patients with advanced-stage epithelial ovarian cancer is to be improved. Gedunin, an extract of the neem tree, has been used as a natural remedy for centuries in Asia. Recently, gedunin has been shown to have potential in vitro antineoplastic properties; however, its effect on ovarian cancer cells is unknown.

Metastatic carcinoid tumor to the ovary: a clinicopathologic analysis of seventeen cases.

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical behavior and histologic characteristics of metastatic carcinoid tumors to the ovary.

Methods: Retrospective chart review and histologic specimen analysis of all patients with pathologically confirmed metastatic carcinoid tumor to the ovaries seen at the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center.

An integrated genomic-based approach to individualized treatment of patients with advanced-stage ovarian cancer.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop an integrated genomic-based approach to personalized treatment of patients with advanced-stage ovarian cancer. We have used gene expression profiles to identify patients likely to be resistant to primary platinum-based chemotherapy and also to identify alternate targeted therapeutic options for patients with de novo platinum-resistant disease.

Patients And Methods: A gene expression model that predicts response to platinum-based therapy was developed using a training set of 83 advanced-stage serous ovarian cancers and tested on a 36-sample external validation set.

Genomic signatures to guide the use of chemotherapeutics.

Using in vitro drug sensitivity data coupled with Affymetrix microarray data, we developed gene expression signatures that predict sensitivity to individual chemotherapeutic drugs. Each signature was validated with response data from an independent set of cell line studies. We further show that many of these signatures can accurately predict clinical response in individuals treated with these drugs.

The prognostic significance of positive peritoneal cytology and adnexal/serosal metastasis in stage IIIA endometrial cancer.

Objective: The clinical significance and optimal management of patients with stage IIIA endometrial cancer are controversial. We sought to determine whether recurrence and survival of patients with stage IIIA endometrial cancer differ with surgical pathologic findings (positive peritoneal cytology versus positive adnexae or serosa) and adjuvant treatment.

Methods: Retrospective single institution analysis of patients surgically staged for IIIA endometrial cancer at Duke University Medical Center from 1973 to 2002.

Pelvic lymph node count is an important prognostic variable for FIGO stage I and II endometrial carcinoma with high-risk histology.

Objective: To determine whether pelvic lymph node count is associated with patterns of recurrence or survival in patients with FIGO stage I and II endometrial cancer.

Methods: Single institution retrospective study of 467 patients with FIGO stage I and II endometrial cancer treated with primary surgery including lymph node dissection. Analysis included pelvic lymph node count, histology, stage, age, race, BMI, year of surgery, depth of myometrial invasion, and adjuvant radiation.

Resection of lymph node metastases influences survival in stage IIIC endometrial cancer.

Objective: Surgical staging of endometrial cancer identifies those patients with microscopic metastatic disease most likely to benefit from adjuvant therapy and may also confer therapeutic benefit. Our objective was to compare survival of patients who underwent resection of grossly positive lymph nodes (LN) to those with microscopically positive LN.

Methods: Patients had stage IIIC endometrial cancer with pelvic and/or aortic LN metastases and underwent surgery between 1973 and 2002.