A family-based behavioral group obesity randomized control feasibility trial across a clinical trials network: a focus on contact hours.

Objective: This ancillary study's purpose is to describe the relationship between dose of treatment and body mass index (BMI) outcomes in a tele-behavioral health program delivered in the IDeA States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network to children and their families living in rural communities.

Methods: Participants randomized to the intervention were able to receive 26 contact hours (15 hr of group sessions and 11 hr of individual sessions) of material focused on nutrition, physical activity, and behavioral caregiver training delivered via interactive televideo. Dose of the intervention received by child/caregiver dyads (n = 52) from rural areas was measured as contact hours.

Understanding Differences in Medical Student Perceptions of Treatment Adherence Based on Weight Status in Pediatric Care.

Obesity biases in healthcare are detrimental. We explored medical student beliefs underlying perceptions that child-mother dyads with obesity are less likely to be treatment adherent. Participants viewed scenes of a 12-year-old, female virtual human presenting to a physician with back pain, accompanied by her mother.

Evaluating an acceptance-based lifestyle modification program to address cardiovascular disease risk among adolescent girls with overweight and obesity: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Behavioral weight loss interventions achieve only limited weight loss in adolescent samples and weight regain is common. This limited intervention success may be attributed, in part, to adolescents' lack of self-regulation skills essential for lifestyle modification and use of a one-size fits-all approach to produce weight loss in boys and girls. Interventions which teach self-regulation skills, such as Acceptance-Based Therapy (ABT), and are tailored to meet gender-specific concerns, are critical to help adolescents adapt to pervasive biological and environmental influences toward weight gain.

Systematic review and meta analysis of psychological interventions to prevent or treat pediatric chronic disease in rural communities.

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the effectiveness of psychological interventions at improving physical or mental health outcomes for youth living in rural communities who have, or are at-risk for, any chronic medical condition in comparison to control interventions conducted in rural communities.

Methods: Following prospective registration (OSF.IO/7TDQJ), 7 databases were searched through July 1, 2023.

Medication-Induced Weight Change Across Common Antidepressant Treatments : A Target Trial Emulation Study.

Background: Antidepressants are among the most commonly prescribed medications, but evidence on comparative weight change for specific first-line treatments is limited.

Objective: To compare weight change across common first-line antidepressant treatments by emulating a target trial.

Design: Observational cohort study over 24 months.

Trends of Antihypertensive Prescription Among US Adults From 2010 to 2019 and Changes Following Treatment Guidelines: Analysis of Multicenter Electronic Health Records.

Background: Guidelines for the use of antihypertensives changed in 2014 and 2017. To understand the effect of these guidelines, we examined trends in antihypertensive prescriptions in the United States from 2010 to 2019 using a repeated cross-sectional design.

Methods And Results: Using electronic health records from 15 health care institutions for adults (20-85 years old) who had ≥1 antihypertensive prescription, we assessed whether (1) prescriptions of beta blockers decreased after the 2014 Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8) report discouraged use for first-line treatment, (2) prescriptions for calcium channel blockers and thiazide diuretics increased among Black patients after the JNC 8 report encouraged use as first-line therapy, and (3) prescriptions for dual therapy and fixed-dose combination among patients with blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg increased after recommendations in the 2017 Hypertension Clinical Practice Guidelines.

Effects of sleep disturbance on trauma-focused psychotherapy outcomes in posttraumatic stress disorder: A systematic review.

This study aimed to synthesize existing research on the effects of sleep disturbances on trauma-focused psychotherapy outcomes in adults with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A systematic review using PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, and PTSDpubs was performed up to April 2021. Two independent reviewers screened articles for inclusion, performed data extraction, and assessed risk of bias and certainty of the evidence.

A Systematic Review of Sleep Disturbances in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Objective: The current systematic review (PROSPERO ID: CRD42020220142) aims to characterize sleep health in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and evaluate disease-related and psychosocial prognostic factors associated with sleep disturbances in pediatric IBD.

Methods: A search of PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases was performed. Included studies were written in English, presented original peer-reviewed research, included participants with a mean age of 8-18 years, and reported on at least one quantitative sleep outcome for children with IBD or factors impacting sleep for these children.

Parents of minor children lose less weight during a behavioral weight loss intervention: Findings from the Rural LEAP trial.

Objective: The transition to parenthood is associated with worsening health behaviors, yet the impact of parental status on successful weight loss has rarely been examined. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of parental status of minor children on weight loss and behavioral adherence in a rural community-based weight loss intervention.

Methods: Five hundred and twenty-eight adults (age 21-75 years, body mass index [BMI] 30-45 kg/m) were enrolled in a group-based weight loss intervention consisting of 16 weekly sessions delivered in face-to-face group sessions at Cooperative Extension Service (CES) offices.

Wellness Achieved Through Changing Habits: A Randomized Controlled Trial of an Acceptance-Based Intervention for Adolescent Girls With Overweight or Obesity.

Obesity prevalence among adolescent girls continues to rise. Acceptance-based therapy (ABT) is effective for weight loss in adults and feasible and acceptable for weight loss among adolescents. This pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessed effectiveness of an adolescent-tailored ABT intervention on decreasing weight-related outcomes and improving psychological outcomes compared with enhanced care.

Cleaning of anthropometric data from PCORnet electronic health records using automated algorithms.

Objective: To demonstrate the utility of , an anthropometric data cleaning method designed for electronic health records (EHR).

Materials And Methods: We used all available pediatric and adult height and weight data from an ongoing observational study that includes EHR data from 15 healthcare systems and applied to identify outliers and errors and compared its performance in pediatric data with 2 other pediatric data cleaning methods: (1) conditional percentile () and (2) PaEdiatric ANthropometric measurement Outlier Flagging pipeline ().

Results: 687 226 children (<20 years) and 3 267 293 adults contributed 71 246 369 weight and 51 525 487 height measurements.

Changes in obesity and BMI among children and adolescents with selected chronic conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine COVID-19 pandemic-related changes in obesity and BMI among patients aged 5 to <20 years with selected chronic conditions.

Methods: A longitudinal study in 293,341 patients aged 5 to <20 years who were prescribed one of five medication classes (for depression, psychosis, hypertension, diabetes, or epilepsy) and who had BMI measures from January 2019 to March 2021 was conducted. Generalized estimating equations and linear mixed-effects models were used, accounting for within-child repeated measures and stratified by age, race, ethnicity, gender, and class of medication prescribed, to compare obesity and BMI z score during the pandemic (June through December 2020) versus pre-pandemic (June through December 2019).

Comparison of Rates of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults and Children Treated With Anticonvulsant Mood Stabilizers.

Importance: Anticonvulsant mood stabilizer treatment is associated with an increased risk of weight gain, but little is known about the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Objective: To evaluate the comparative safety of anticonvulsant mood stabilizers on risk of T2D in adults and children by emulating a target trial.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This observational cohort study used data from IBM MarketScan (2010-2019), with a 5-year follow-up period.

Differential impact of telehealth extended-care programs for weight-loss maintenance in African American versus white adults.

Extended-care interventions have been demonstrated to improve maintenance of weight loss after the end of initial obesity treatment; however, it is unclear whether these programs are similarly effective for African American versus White participants. The current study examined differences in effectiveness of individual versus group telephone-based extended-care on weight regain, compared to educational control, in 410 African American (n = 82) and White (n = 328) adults with obesity (mean ± SD age = 55.6 ± 10.

Latent profiles of the feeding practices of caregivers of rural children with overweight and obesity and associations with child eating behaviors.

Previous research has shown that food parenting practices, which vary within the context of sociocultural factors, are associated with child weight, eating behaviors, and body dissatisfaction. While parents typically engage in multiple food parenting practices, few studies have examined what subgroups or combinations of food parenting practices are associated with child health outcomes and sociocultural factors. The current study examined profiles of food parenting practices among school-age children with overweight/obesity (OW/OB) from rural communities and examined how they may be associated with sociocultural factors, child-eating habits, and health outcomes.

Antibiotics prior to age 2 years have limited association with preschool growth trajectory.

Background: Prior studies of early antibiotic use and growth have shown mixed results, primarily on cross-sectional outcomes. This study examined the effect of oral antibiotics before age 24 months on growth trajectory at age 2-5 years.

Methods: We captured oral antibiotic prescriptions and anthropometrics from electronic health records through PCORnet, for children with ≥1 height and weight at 0-12 months of age, ≥1 at 12-30 months, and ≥2 between 25 and 72 months.

Impact of mothers' distress and emotional eating on calories served to themselves and their young children: An experimental study.

Background: Parents play a significant role in children's eating behaviours and food environment. Emotional eating (i.e.

Meta-analysis of lifestyle modification interventions addressing overweight and obesity in preschool-age children.

Objective: Increased rates of pediatric obesity extend into early childhood. There have been increasing calls for intervention programs specifically designed to address obesity in preschool-age youth. A review of the literature is critical to guide intervention and future research.

Pediatric Obesity Treatment via Telehealth: Current Evidence and Future Directions.

Purpose Of Review: Telehealth delivery of pediatric weight management interventions may address time, travel, and cost barriers to in-person interventions, thus improving accessibility. This narrative review highlights findings from the past 5 years of pediatric lifestyle interventions for weight management that utilize telehealth for treatment delivery. We describe impressions and future directions.

Using Mobile Health to Improve Asthma Self-Management in Early Adolescence: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: Early adolescence is an important developmental period where youth take primary responsibility for asthma self-management. Helpful caregiver support during this time is pivotal in determining whether early adolescents successfully develop asthma self-management behaviors. AIM2ACT is a dyadic mobile health intervention designed to increase helpful caregiver support as early adolescents engage in asthma self-management behaviors.

Association of Early Antibiotic Exposure With Childhood Body Mass Index Trajectory Milestones.

Importance: Past studies have showed associations between antibiotic exposure and child weight outcomes. Few, however, have documented alterations to body mass index (BMI) (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) trajectory milestone patterns during childhood after early-life antibiotic exposure.

Objective: To examine the association of antibiotic use during the first 48 months of life with BMI trajectory milestones during childhood in a large cohort of children.

Feasibility/acceptability of an acceptance-based therapy intervention for diverse adolescent girls with overweight/obesity.

Background: Behavioral obesity interventions using an acceptance-based therapy (ABT) approach have demonstrated efficacy for adults, yet feasibility and acceptability of tailoring an ABT intervention for adolescents remains unknown.

Objective: This study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of an ABT healthy lifestyle intervention among diverse adolescent cisgender girls with overweight/obesity (OW/OB).

Methods: Adolescent cisgender girls aged 14-19 with a BMI of ≥85th percentile-for-sex-and-age were recruited for participation in a single-arm feasibility study.

Behavioral Weight Loss Intervention Preferences of Adolescents with Overweight/Obesity.

Behavioral lifestyle interventions are the foundation of adolescent obesity treatment. Tailoring an intervention using adolescent stakeholder engagement during the development process could improve intervention effectiveness. Adolescents with overweight/obesity ages 14-19 ( = 41) participated in 11 sex-specific focus groups (girls = 6, boys = 5) and were asked their preferences regarding who should lead the intervention and be involved, what the messaging of the program should be, how to make the program engaging and maintain participation, and how to best measure nutrition intake and activity.

The Relationship Between Executive Functioning, Type 1 Diabetes Self-Management Behaviors, and Glycemic Control in Adolescents and Young Adults.

Purpose Of Review: Understanding barriers to self-management behaviors and glycemic stability may inform specific needs for behavior change in adolescents and young adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). The current review aims to systematically synthesize the literature on the relationships between executive functioning, self-management, and A1C in adolescents and young adults with T1D. Fifteen studies were retained in the current review.

Eating behaviors and dietary quality in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia survivors.

Background: Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors' increased risk for adverse health outcomes could be mitigated through consuming a balanced diet. Nonetheless, >70% of adult survivors do not meet survivorship dietary recommendations. ALL treatment may amplify risk for restricted dietary preferences (picky eating) and poor self-regulation of food intake that could contribute to suboptimal diets in survivorship.