Fluoroquinolone Resistance Mechanisms and population structure of Enterobacter cloacae non-susceptible to Ertapenem in North-Eastern France.

Fluoroquinolone (FQ) agents are a potential resort to treat infection due to Enterobacteriaceae producing extended spectrum β-lactamase and susceptible to FQ. In a context of increase of non-susceptibility to carbapenems among Enterobacteriaceae, we characterized FQ resistance mechanisms in 75 Enterobacter cloacae isolates non-susceptible to ertapenem in North-Eastern France in 2012 and describe the population structure by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Among them, 14.

Mobile insertion cassette elements found in small non-transmissible plasmids in Proteeae may explain qnrD mobilization.

qnrD is a plasmid mediated quinolone resistance gene from unknown origin, recently described in Enterobacteriaceae. It encodes a pentapeptide repeat protein 36-60% different from the other Qnr (A, B, C, S and VC). Since most qnrD-positive strains were described as strains belonging to Proteus or Providencia genera, we hypothesized that qnrD originated in Proteeae before disseminating to other enterobacterial species.

A simplified and cost-effective method combining real-time PCR and pyrosequencing for detection of aac(6')-Ib-cr gene.

We previously described a pyrosequencing-based method able to guarantee detection of aac(6')-Ib-cr by characterizing precisely the single nucleotide polymorphisms leading to Trp102Arg and Asp179Tyr. By gaining in simplicity and cost-effectiveness, through the use of real-time PCR, we propose here a cutting-edge evolution of our existing pyrosequencing method.

First report of qnrB-producing Enterobacter cloacae and qnrA-producing Acinetobacter baumannii recovered from Algerian hospitals.

Two isolates of Enterobacter cloacae and 1 isolate of Acinetobacter baumannii showing a multidrug resistance phenotype including resistance to beta-lactams and fluoroquinolones were included in this study. By polymerase chain reaction amplification and sequencing, the 2 isolates of E. cloacae were found to produce QnrB and the A.

Characterization of CTX-M-15-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli strains isolated from hospital environments in Algeria.

For detecting extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the hospital environment, sedimentation plates were placed in the rooms of two hospitals. Three environmental isolates, two Klebsiella pneumoniae, and one Escherichia coli resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins with a phenotype indicating CTX-M enzymes production (the minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] of cefotaxime was higher than the MIC of ceftazidime) were recovered. By PCR and sequencing, the three isolates were found to produce CTX-M-15.

First report of CTX-M-15 and CTX-M-3 beta-lactamases among clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae in Béjaia, Algeria.

We assessed the prevalence and phenotypic characteristics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers among 365 clinical isolates of members of the family Enterobacteriaceae recovered from two hospitals in Béjaia, Algeria, between March 2004 and April 2005. Twenty-one strains were resistant to cefotaxime and/or ceftazidime. A double-disk synergy test yielded a positive result in five cases (three Escherichia coli, one Klebsiella pneumoniae and one Enterobacter cloacae).