Role of Community-Clinical Partnerships to Promote Cancer Screening: Lessons Learned From the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program.

Community-clinical partnerships are an effective approach to connecting primary care with public health to increase disease prevention and screenings and reduce health inequities. We explore how the National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) award recipients and clinic teams are using community-clinical linkages to deliver services to populations who are without access to health care and identify barriers, facilitators, and lessons that can be used to improve program implementation. We used purposive sampling to select nine state recipients of the NBCCEDP and a clinic partner for each recipient.

Parent perspectives following newborn screening resulting in diagnoses of fragile X syndrome or fragile X premutation.

Background: Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common inherited cause of intellectual disability. Early Check, a voluntary newborn screening study, screened 18,833 newborns for FXS over ∼3 years. Exploring parental attitudes and perspectives can provide insight to the potential future acceptability of public health screening.

Use of a web-based portal to return normal individual research results in Early Check: Exploring user behaviors and attitudes.

Early Check is a voluntary, large-scale expanded newborn screening study in North Carolina that uses a self-directed web-based portal for return of normal individual research results (IRR). Little is known about participant perspectives in using web-based portals to receive IRR. This study explored user attitudes and behaviors within the Early Check portal using three methods: (1) a feedback survey available to the consenting parent of participating infants (typically mothers), (2) semi-structured interviews conducted with a subset of parents, and (3) Google Analytics.

Patient Perceptions of Switching to a Generic Dry Powder Inhaler - Increased Understanding Through Journey Mapping.

Purpose: This qualitative study explored patients' attitudes about and perceptions of generic dry powder inhaler (DPI) substitution for the brand product and patients' views of generic product quality, efficacy, design, and usability.

Methods: Forty COPD and asthma patients (36 adults, four adolescents), who were actively using a brand DPI product, participated in one of six focus groups. Participants completed a journey mapping exercise to assess attitudes and opinions about a scenario where they refill their prescription and unexpectedly receive a generic DPI instead of their brand DPI.

Effects of additional context information in prescription drug information sheets on comprehension and risk and efficacy perceptions.

Objective: To determine how additional explanatory text (context) about drug side effects in a patient medication information handout affected comprehension and perceptions of risk and efficacy.

Methods: We conducted an online experiment with a national sample of 1,119 U.S.

The impact of interactive advertising on consumer engagement, recall, and understanding: A scoping systematic review for informing regulatory science.

We conducted a scoping systematic review with respect to how consumer engagement with interactive advertising is evaluated and if interactive features influence consumer recall, awareness, or comprehension of product claims and risk disclosures for informing regulatory science. MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Business Source Corporate, and SCOPUS were searched for original research published from 1997 through February 2021. Two reviewers independently screened titles/abstracts and full-text articles for inclusion.

Addiction Treatment and Telehealth: Review of Efficacy and Provider Insights During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Objective: Addiction treatment via telehealth expanded to unprecedented levels during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to clarify whether the research evidence on the efficacy of telehealth-delivered substance use disorder treatment and the experience of providers using telehealth during the pandemic support continued use of telehealth after the pandemic and, if so, under what circumstances.

Methods: Data sources included a literature review on the efficacy of telehealth for substance use disorder treatment, responses to a 2020 online survey from 100 California addiction treatment providers, and interviews with 30 California treatment providers and other stakeholders.

Physicians' use of and preferences for FDA-approved prescribing information.

Background: The Prescribing Information (PI) is the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)'s primary tool for communicating a summary of the essential scientific information needed for the safe and effective use of a prescription drug to healthcare providers.[1] One challenge with this type of communication is balancing the need to be thorough with the need to be concise.

Objectives: This study aimed to explore physicians' preferences for and understanding of specific content and formatting in the PI.

Assessing Assessments: Substance use disorder treatment providers' perceptions of intake assessments.

Assessments to determine patients' treatment needs and preferences when they begin substance use disorder (SUD) treatment are essential. The objectives of this paper are to identify the perspectives of providers who conduct assessments on (1) assessments' utility in determining the level of care where patients will receive treatment, (2) strategies to engage patients in treatment during assessments, and (3) assessment strengths and shortcomings. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 30 California treatment providers who routinely perform SUD assessments for Medicaid beneficiaries.

"The assessment really helps you with the first step in recovery." What do clients think substance use disorder treatment intake assessments should look like?

In general, research has found that patient-centered substance use disorder treatment is positively correlated with improved patient outcomes. However, little research has examined what factors make intake assessments-the first step in addiction treatment-patient-centered. We conducted interviews with 30 Medicaid-enrolled individuals who received addiction treatment in California about their experiences with the intake assessment process.

Patients' Understanding of Oncology Clinical Endpoints: Environmental Scan and Focus Groups.

Background: Understanding treatment options is important for patients with cancer and their caregivers. This may be difficult, however, because oncology treatments are often approved based on complex clinical endpoints. The study aimed to explore lay understanding of oncology clinical endpoints by assessing the definitions of clinical endpoints available online and gathering qualitative focus group data on cancer survivors' and the general public's understanding of clinical endpoints.

Estimating Costs of Implementing Stroke Systems of Care and Data-Driven Improvements in the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Program.

Purpose And Objectives: We evaluated the costs of implementing coordinated systems of stroke care by state health departments from 2012 through 2015 to help policy makers and planners gain a sense of the potential return on investments in establishing a stroke care quality improvement (QI) program.

Intervention Approach: State health departments funded by the Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Program (PCNASP) implemented activities to support the start and proficient use of hospital stroke registries statewide and coordinate data-driven QI efforts. These efforts were aimed at improving the treatment and transition of stroke patients from prehospital emergency medical services (EMS) to in-hospital care and postacute care facilities.

Gene therapy as a potential therapeutic option for Duchenne muscular dystrophy: A qualitative preference study of patients and parents.

Objectives: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a rare neuromuscular disorder that causes progressive weakness and early death. Gene therapy is an area of new therapeutic development. This qualitative study explored factors influencing parents' and adult patients' preferences about gene therapy.

Taking Repeated Exposure into Account: An Experimental Study of Direct-To-Consumer Prescription Drug Television Ad Effects.

: Little is known about how repeated exposure to direct-to-consumer prescription drug promotion can impact consumers' retention and perceptions of drug information. The study described here tested the effects of varied ad exposure frequency on these outcomes. : In an in-person experiment, participants with seasonal allergies ( = 616) were randomized to view a mock prescription drug television ad either once, twice, or four times within 1 h of television programming, embedded with six commercial breaks.

Pathways to Program Success: A Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) of Communities Putting Prevention to Work Case Study Programs.

Objective: To examine the elements of capacity, a measure of organizational resources supporting program implementation that result in successful completion of public health program objectives in a public health initiative serving 50 communities.

Design: We used crisp set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) to analyze case study and quantitative data collected during the evaluation of the Communities Putting Prevention to Work (CPPW) program.

Setting: CPPW awardee program staff and partners implemented evidence-based public health improvements in counties, cities, and organizations (eg, worksites, schools).

Cancer Survivors' Use of Fertility Preservation.

Background: Some cancer diagnoses and treatments can place patients at risk for infertility. The American Society of Clinical Oncology recommends that health care providers address the possibility of infertility with cancer patients who are treated during their reproductive years; however, research suggests that many providers do not disclose the risk of infertility to their patients. This study examines adolescent/young adult (AYA) cancer survivors' use of and costs for fertility preservation (FP) over time.

Preferences for patient medication information: what do patients want?

This study investigated respondent preferences on how best to display patient medication information (PMI) that accompanies prescription medications to promote comprehension and appropriate usage. The authors identified 30 individuals diagnosed with select immune disorders, 30 with other chronic diseases, and 30 from the general public and had them review one of two PMI handouts that varied by format, organization, and content. The authors explored preferences for the PMI handout using one-on-one interviews.

How accurate are Americans' perceptions of their own weight?

As obesity/overweight has increased in the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2009 ), studies have found that Americans' perceptions of their own weight often are not aligned with their actual body mass index (BMI; Brener et al., 2004 ; Christakis, 2003; Johnson-Taylor et al., 2008 ).

Prostate-specific antigen testing: men's responses to 2012 recommendation against screening.

Background: The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) released a draft recommendation advising against prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in October 2011, a major shift from previous years of recommending neither for or against PSA testing due to insufficient evidence.

Communicating risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer with an interactive decision support tool.

Objective: Women with hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome (HBOC) face a higher risk of earlier, more aggressive cancer. Because of HBOC's rarity, screening is recommended only for women with strong cancer family histories. However, most patients do not have accurate history available and struggle to understand genetic concepts.

Childhood obesity prevention: fathers' reflections with healthcare providers.

Background: To prevent childhood obesity, parents and their children's healthcare providers need to engage in effective dialogue. We know much about mothers' experiences, but very little about fathers' experiences.

Methods: We explored African-American, Caucasian, and Latino fathers' perceptions and experiences communicating with their children's provider during clinic visits regarding weight, diet, and physical activity.

Women's experiences with genomic testing for breast cancer recurrence risk.

Background: Few studies have examined how patients understand and use genomic test results when deciding about treatment. This study examined how women receive and incorporate results of Oncotype DX, a genomic test that offers recurrence risk estimates, into decisions about adjuvant treatment for early stage breast cancer.

Methods: Participants in the cross-sectional study were 77 women with early stage, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer with 0 to 3 positive lymph nodes who received Oncotype DX between 2004 and 2009.

Knowledge of genomic testing among early-stage breast cancer patients.

Background: Genomic recurrence risk test results now inform clinical decisions about adjuvant treatment for women with early-stage breast cancer. We sought to understand patients' knowledge of these tests and correlates of their knowledge.

Methods: Participants in this cross-sectional study were 78 women, treated for early-stage, estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer with 0-3 positive lymph nodes, whose medical records indicated they received Oncotype DX testing earlier.

Initial report of the cancer Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) sexual function committee: review of sexual function measures and domains used in oncology.

For this report, the authors described the initial activities of the Cancer Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS)-Sexual Function domain group, which is part of the National Institutes of Health Roadmap Initiative to develop brief questionnaires or individually tailored assessments of quality-of-life domains. Presented are a literature review of sexual function measures used in cancer populations and descriptions of the domains found in those measures. By using a consensus-driven approach, an electronic bibliographic search was conducted for articles that were published from 1991 to 2007, and 486 articles were identified for in-depth review.