Experience With Four-Month Rifapentine and Moxifloxacin-Based Tuberculosis Treatment in San Francisco.

Background: A multicountry randomized controlled trial has demonstrated that pan-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) can be successfully treated with a 4-month regimen of daily isoniazid, rifapentine, moxifloxacin, and pyrazinamide (HPMZ). We piloted HPMZ in San Francisco (SF) using a modified version of the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention HPMZ treatment guidelines.

Methods: In this retrospective cohort, patients consecutively referred to SF TB clinic were evaluated for HPMZ eligibility based on preestablished inclusion/exclusion criteria.

Uniting for Ukraine Tuberculosis Screening Experience, San Francisco, California, USA.

Ukraine surveillance data suggest high tuberculosis (TB) incidence, including multidrug resistance. Of 299 newcomers from Ukraine screened in San Francisco, California, USA, by using an interferon-γ-release-assay (IGRA) and chest radiograph, 7.4% were IGRA positive and 1 had laboratory-confirmed pansusceptible TB.

Adverse Events Associated With Treatment for Pan-Susceptible Tuberculosis in San Francisco.

Of 373 patients treated for drug-susceptible tuberculosis, 35.4% (46.2% aged ≥65 years) developed moderate/severe adverse events that required treatment interruption (34.

Tuberculosis-Associated Hospitalizations and Deaths after COVID-19 Shelter-In-Place, San Francisco, California, USA.

A mandated shelter-in-place and other restrictions associated with the coronavirus disease pandemic precipitated a decline in tuberculosis diagnoses in San Francisco, California, USA. Several months into the pandemic, severe illness resulting in hospitalization or death increased compared with prepandemic levels, warranting heightened vigilance for tuberculosis in at-risk populations.

Timely intervention and control of a novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak at a large skilled nursing facility-San Francisco, California, 2020.

Objective: To describe epidemiologic and genomic characteristics of a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak in a large skilled-nursing facility (SNF), and the strategies that controlled transmission.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study was conducted during March 22-May 4, 2020, among all staff and residents at a 780-bed SNF in San Francisco, California.

Methods: Contact tracing and symptom screening guided targeted testing of staff and residents; respiratory specimens were also collected through serial point prevalence surveys (PPSs) in units with confirmed cases.

Lessons From Mass-Testing for Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Long-Term Care Facilities for the Elderly in San Francisco.

Coronavirus disease 2019 can cause significant mortality in the elderly in long-term care facilities (LTCF). We describe 4 LTCF outbreaks where mass testing identified a high proportion of asymptomatic infections (4%-41% in healthcare workers and 20%-75% in residents), indicating that symptom-based screening alone is insufficient for monitoring for COVID-19 transmission.

Outcomes of infants born to women with influenza A(H1N1)pdm09.

Background: Pregnant women with influenza are more likely to have complications, but information on infant outcomes is limited.

Methods: Five state/local health departments collected data on outcomes of infants born to pregnant women with 2009 H1N1 influenza reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from April to December 2009. Collaborating sites linked information on pregnant women with confirmed 2009 H1N1 influenza, many who were severely ill, to their infants' birth certificates.

Pregnancy and severe influenza infection in the 2013-2014 influenza season.

Objective: To describe the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of critically ill pregnant and postpartum women with influenza infection reported in the 2013-2014 season.

Methods: The California Department of Public Health conducts surveillance for patients with laboratory-confirmed influenza who die or require hospitalization in intensive care units. For this case series, we reviewed data on pregnant and postpartum (6 weeks or less from delivery) women reported in the 2013-2014 influenza season.

Fatal meningococcal disease in a laboratory worker--California, 2012.

Occupationally acquired meningococcal disease is rare. Adherence to recommendations for safe handling of Neisseria meningitidis in the laboratory greatly reduces the risk for transmission to laboratory workers. A California microbiologist developed fatal serogroup B meningococcal disease after working with N.

Neuraminidase inhibitors for critically ill children with influenza.

Objective: Timely treatment with neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) drugs appears to improve survival in adults hospitalized with influenza. We analyzed California surveillance data to determine whether NAI treatment improves survival in critically ill children with influenza.

Methods: We analyzed data abstracted from medical records to characterize the outcomes of patients aged 0 to 17 years hospitalized in ICUs with laboratory-confirmed influenza from April 3, 2009, through September 30, 2012.

Treatment with neuraminidase inhibitors for critically ill patients with influenza A (H1N1)pdm09.

Background: Neuraminidase inhibitor (NAI) antiviral drugs can shorten the duration of uncomplicated influenza when administered early (<48 hours after illness onset) to otherwise healthy outpatients, but the optimal timing of effective therapy for critically ill patients is not well established.

Methods: We analyzed California surveillance data to characterize the outcomes of patients in intensive care units (ICUs) treated with NAIs for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (pH1N1). Demographic and clinical data were abstracted from medical records, using standardized case report forms.

Use of intravenous peramivir for treatment of severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09.

Oral antiviral agents to treat influenza are challenging to administer in the intensive care unit (ICU). We describe 57 critically ill patients treated with the investigational intravenous neuraminidase inhibitor drug peramivir for influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 [pH1N1]. Most received late peramivir treatment following clinical deterioration in the ICU on enterically-administered oseltamivir therapy.

A population-based study of neurologic manifestations of severe influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 in California.

Background: Reported influenza-associated neurologic complications are generally limited to case series or case reports. We conducted a population-based study of neurologic manifestations associated with severe and fatal influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 (2009 H1N1) cases.

Methods: Medical records of patients with fatal or severe (hospitalized in intensive care unit) laboratory-confirmed 2009 H1N1 reported to the California Department of Public Health from 15 April 2009 through 31 December 2009 were reviewed to identify those with primary neurological manifestations.

Infants hospitalized in intensive care units with 2009 H1N1 influenza infection, California, 2009-2010.

Background: The 2009 H1N1 influenza virus emerged in April 2009 and primarily affected children and young adults. Few reports describe 2009 H1N1 influenza infection in infants. This report describes the clinical and epidemiologic features of 2009 H1N1 influenza in critically ill infants younger than 1 year of age.

A review of adult mortality due to 2009 pandemic (H1N1) influenza A in California.

Background: While children and young adults had the highest attack rates due to 2009 pandemic (H1N1) influenza A (2009 H1N1), studies of hospitalized cases noted high fatality in older adults. We analyzed California public health surveillance data to better characterize the populations at risk for dying due to 2009 H1N1.

Methods And Findings: A case was an adult ≥20 years who died with influenza-like symptoms and laboratory results indicative of 2009 H1N1.

Epidemiology of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) deaths in the United States, April-July 2009.

During the spring of 2009, pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus (pH1N1) was recognized and rapidly spread worldwide. To describe the geographic distribution and patient characteristics of pH1N1-associated deaths in the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention requested information from health departments on all laboratory-confirmed pH1N1 deaths reported from 17 April through 23 July 2009. Data were collected using medical charts, medical examiner reports, and death certificates.

HIV-infected hospitalized patients with 2009 pandemic influenza A (pH1N1)--United States, spring and summer 2009.

We describe the clinical findings of HIV-infected patients hospitalized with 2009 pandemic influenza A (pH1N1). Data were derived from 3 separate case series in the United States. Among 911 adults hospitalized with pH1N1 influenza, 31 (3.

2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) and vaccine failure in pregnancy.

Background: Emerging data suggest that pregnancy conveys high risk for severe complications from the 2009 pandemic influenza A virus (2009 H1N1) infection.

Case: We describe an infected pregnant woman with critical illness owing to acute respiratory distress syndrome despite previous vaccination. Early serologic testing indicated absent immunity, followed 11 days later by a robust immune response.

A novel risk factor for a novel virus: obesity and 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1).

Background: many critically ill patients with 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) (2009 H1N1) infection were noted to be obese, but whether obesity, rather than its associated co-morbidities, is an independent risk factor for severe infection is unknown.

Methods: using public health surveillance data, we analyzed demographic and clinical characteristics of California residents hospitalized with 2009 H1N1 infection to assess whether obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30) and extreme obesity (BMI ≥ 40) were an independent risk factor for death among case patients ≥ 20 years old.

Results: during the period 20 April-11 August 2009, 534 adult case patients with 2009 H1N1 infection for whom BMI information was available were observed.