The nematode effector Mj-NEROSs interacts with Rieske's iron-sulfur protein influencing plastid ROS production to suppress plant immunity.

Root-knot nematodes (RKN; Meloidogyne species) are plant pathogens that introduce several effectors in their hosts to facilitate infection. The actual targets and functioning mechanism of these effectors largely remain unexplored. This study illuminates the role and interplay of the Meloidogyne javanica nematode effector ROS suppressor (Mj-NEROSs) within the host plant environment.

An ex vitro hairy root system from petioles of detached soybean leaves for in planta screening of target genes and CRISPR strategies associated with nematode bioassays.

The ex vitro hairy root system from petioles of detached soybean leaves allows the functional validation of genes using classical transgenesis and CRISPR strategies (e.g., sgRNA validation, gene activation) associated with nematode bioassays.

The regeneration conferring transcription factor complex ERF115-PAT1 coordinates a wound-induced response in root-knot nematode induced galls.

The establishment of root-knot nematode (RKN; Meloidogyne spp.) induced galls in the plant host roots likely involves a wound-induced regeneration response. Confocal imaging demonstrates physical stress or injury caused by RKN infection during parasitism in the model host Arabidopsis thaliana.

Integrated Omic Approaches Reveal Molecular Mechanisms of Tolerance during Soybean and Interactions.

The root-knot nematode (RKN), , is a devastating soybean pathogen worldwide. The use of resistant cultivars is the most effective method to prevent economic losses caused by RKNs. To elucidate the mechanisms involved in resistance to RKN, we determined the proteome and transcriptome profiles from roots of susceptible (BRS133) and highly tolerant (PI 595099) genotypes 4, 12, and 30 days after RKN infestation.

Overexpression of a soybean Globin (GmGlb1-1) gene reduces plant susceptibility to Meloidogyne incognita.

The overexpression of the GmGlb1-1 gene reduces plant susceptibility to Meloidogyne incognita. Non-symbiotic globin class #1 (Glb1) genes are expressed in different plant organs, have a high affinity for oxygen, and are related to nitric oxide (NO) turnover. Previous studies showed that soybean Glb1 genes are upregulated in soybean plants under flooding conditions.

Functional characterization of the pUceS8.3 promoter and its potential use for ectopic gene overexpression.

The pUceS8.3 is a constitutive gene promoter with potential for ectopic and strong genes overexpression or active biomolecules in plant tissues attacked by pests, including nematode-induced giant cells or galls. Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the most important agricultural commodities worldwide and a major protein and oil source.

The Minichromosome Maintenance Complex Component 2 (MjMCM2) of Meloidogyne javanica is a potential effector regulating the cell cycle in nematode-induced galls.

Root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne spp. induce enlarged multinucleate feeding cells-galls-in host plant roots. Although core cell-cycle components in galls follow a conserved track, they can also be usurped and manipulated by nematodes.

Morphological characterization reveals new insights into giant cell development of Meloidogyne graminicola on rice.

Three types of nematode-feeding sites (NFSs) caused by M. graminicola on rice were suggested, and the NFS polarized expansion stops before the full NFS maturation that occurs at adult female stage. Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp.

Minc03328 effector gene downregulation severely affects Meloidogyne incognita parasitism in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana.

Minc03328 effector gene downregulation triggered by in planta RNAi strategy strongly reduced plant susceptibility to Meloidogyne incognita and suggests that Minc03328 gene is a promising target for the development of genetically engineered crops to improve plant tolerance to M. incognita. Meloidogyne incognita is the most economically important species of root-knot nematodes (RKN) and causes severe damage to crops worldwide.

Pyramiding dsRNAs increases phytonematode tolerance in cotton plants.

Host-derived suppression of nematode essential genes decreases reproduction of Meloidogyne incognita in cotton. Root-knot nematodes (RKN) represent one of the most damaging plant-parasitic nematode genera worldwide. RNAi-mediated suppression of essential nematode genes provides a novel biotechnological strategy for the development of sustainable pest-control methods.

The Armadillo BTB Protein ABAP1 Is a Crucial Player in DNA Replication and Transcription of Nematode-Induced Galls.

The biogenesis of root-knot nematode ( spp.)-induced galls requires the hyperactivation of the cell cycle with controlled balance of mitotic and endocycle programs to keep its homeostasis. To better understand gall functioning and to develop new control strategies for this pest, it is essential to find out how the plant host cell cycle programs are responding and integrated during the nematode-induced gall formation.

ABAP1 Plays a Role in the Differentiation of Male and Female Gametes in .

The correct development of a diploid sporophyte body and a haploid gametophyte relies on a strict coordination between cell divisions in space and time. During plant reproduction, these divisions have to be temporally and spatially coordinated with cell differentiation processes, to ensure a successful fertilization. Armadillo BTB Arabidopsis protein 1 (ABAP1) is a plant exclusive protein that has been previously reported to control proliferative cell divisions during leaf growth in Arabidopsis.

RNAi-Mediated Suppression of Impairs Cuticle Tanning and Molting in the Cotton Boll Weevil ().

The cotton boll weevil, , is the most economically important pest of cotton in Brazil. Pest management programs focused on are based mostly on the use of chemical insecticides, which may cause serious ecological impacts. Furthermore, has developed resistance to some insecticides after their long-term use.

Transcriptional modulation of AREB-1 by CRISPRa improves plant physiological performance under severe water deficit.

Plants are sessile organisms, which are vulnerable to environmental stresses. As such, plants have developed multiple molecular, physiological, and cellular mechanisms to cope with natural stressors. However, these environmental adversities, including drought, are sources of the main agribusiness problems since they interfere with plant growth and productivity.

Alterations in the phenylpropanoid pathway affect poplar ability for ectomycorrhizal colonisation and susceptibility to root-knot nematodes.

This study investigates the impact of the alteration of the monolignol biosynthesis pathway on the establishment of the in vitro interaction of poplar roots either with a mutualistic ectomycorrhizal fungus or with a pathogenic root-knot nematode. Overall, the five studied transgenic lines downregulated for caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase (CCoAOMT), caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT), cinnamoyl-CoA reductase (CCR), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) or both COMT and CAD displayed a lower mycorrhizal colonisation percentage, indicating a lower ability for establishing mutualistic interaction than the wild-type. The susceptibility to root-knot nematode infection was variable in the five lines, and the CAD-deficient line was found to be less susceptible than the wild-type.

The root-knot nematode effector MiPDI1 targets a stress-associated protein (SAP) to establish disease in Solanaceae and Arabidopsis.

Large amounts of effectors are secreted by the oesophageal glands of plant-parasitic nematodes, but their molecular mode of action remains largely unknown. We characterized a Meloidogyne incognita protein disulphide isomerase (PDI)-like effector protein (MiPDI1) that facilitates nematode parasitism. In situ hybridization showed that MiPDI1 was expressed specifically in the subventral glands of M.

MiDaf16-like and MiSkn1-like gene families are reliable targets to develop biotechnological tools for the control and management of Meloidogyne incognita.

Meloidogyne incognita is a plant-parasitic root-knot nematode (RKN, PPN) responsible for causing damage to several crops worldwide. In Caenorhabditis elegans, the DAF-16 and SKN-1 transcription factors (TFs) orchestrate aging, longevity, and defense responses to several stresses. Here, we report that MiDaf16-like1 and MiSkn1-like1, which are orthologous to DAF-16 and SKN-1 in C.

Insights obtained using different modules of the cotton uceA1.7 promoter.

The structure of the cotton uceA1.7 promoter and its modules was analyzed; the potential of their key sequences has been confirmed in different tissues, proving to be a good candidate for the development of new biotechnological tools. Transcriptional promoters are among the primary genetic engineering elements used to control genes of interest (GOIs) associated with agronomic traits.

Molecular Changes Concomitant with Vascular System Development in Mature Galls Induced by Root-Knot Nematodes in the Model Tree Host .

One of the most striking features occurring in the root-knot nematode induced galls is the reorganization of the vascular tissues. During the interaction of the model tree species and , a pronounced xylem proliferation was previously described in mature galls. To better characterise changes in expression of genes possibly involved in the induction and the formation of the developed vascular tissues occurring in poplar galls, a comparative transcript profiling of 21-day-old galls versus uninfected root of poplar was performed.

Brachypodium distachyon MAP20 functions in metaxylem pit development and contributes to drought recovery.

Pits are regions in the cell walls of plant tracheary elements that lack secondary walls. Each pit consists of a space within the secondary wall called a pit chamber, and a modified primary wall called the pit membrane. The pit membrane facilitates transport of solutions between vessel cells and restricts embolisms during drought.

The plant WEE1 kinase is involved in checkpoint control activation in nematode-induced galls.

Galls induced by plant-parasitic nematodes involve a hyperactivation of the plant mitotic and endocycle machinery for their profit. Dedifferentiation of host root cells includes drastic cellular and molecular readjustments. In such a background, potential DNA damage in the genome of gall cells is evident.

Improved drought stress tolerance in Arabidopsis by CRISPR/dCas9 fusion with a Histone AcetylTransferase.

Drought episodes decrease plant growth and productivity, which in turn cause high economic losses. Plants naturally sense and respond to water stress by activating specific signalling pathways leading to physiological and developmental adaptations. Genetically engineering genes that belong to these pathways might improve the drought tolerance of plants.

Local endoreduplication as a feature of intracellular fungal accommodation in arbuscular mycorrhizas.

The intracellular accommodation of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi is a paradigmatic feature of this plant symbiosis that depends on the activation of a dedicated signaling pathway and the extensive reprogramming of host cells, including striking changes in nuclear size and transcriptional activity. By combining targeted sampling of early root colonization sites, detailed confocal imaging, flow cytometry and gene expression analyses, we demonstrate that local, recursive events of endoreduplication are triggered in the Medicago truncatula root cortex during AM colonization. AM colonization induces an increase in ploidy levels and the activation of endocycle specific markers.