Axillary lymphadenopathy in a liver transplant recipient: Initial manifestation of disseminated cryptococcosis.

Immunocompromised patients, especially organ transplant recipients, are at risk for opportunistic infections. , a ubiquitous environmental fungus, can cause potentially fatal infection in such hosts. While it can involve any organ in the human body, respiratory and central nervous systems are commonly affected.

Cerebral metastases of malignant mesothelioma.

Malignant pleural mesothelioma represents a rare etiology of lung cancer metastasis to the brain. Neurologically symptomatic presentations are extremely rare as these metastatic lesions are detected in the late stages of the disease. Despite many highly heterogenous treatment techniques reported in the literature, overall survival is poor.

Symptomatic mature teratoma of the lumbar spine: A case report.

Background: Teratomas are a unique family of tumors derived from two or more of the three embryonic layers: endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm. Mature teratomas are comprised the most well-differentiated tissue types and may contain skin, hair, teeth, smooth muscle, respiratory tissues, etc. Infrequently, mature teratomas may be found within the central nervous system and, in exceedingly rare cases, may be occur within the spinal cord itself (i.

Eosinophilic globules in a classic ependymoma: evidence of a possible secretory role.

A number of neoplasms of the central nervous system can demonstrate diffuse eosinophilic globules, known to be secretory products of the corresponding cell type, but they have not been a salient feature in descriptions of classic ependymoma. Here, we present a case of a posterior fossa ependymoma demonstrating glassy PAS-positive, diastase-resistant, eosinophilic globules with light microscopic and ultrastructural features resembling Reissner fiber, the secretory product of the subcommissural organ. While there has been a single published description of an ependymoma with intra- and extracellular granulofibrillary material suggested to be evidence of secretory differentiation, ours is the first case to demonstrate diffuse eosinophilic globules in an ependymoma.

Plasmablastic Lymphomas: Characterization of Tumor Microenvironment Using CD163 and PD-1 Immunohistochemistry.

This study aims to characterize the tumor microenvironment of plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) in regard to the quantities of CD163(+) tumor associated macrophages (TAM) and PD1(+) tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL). This article also reviews the existing knowledge of the role of PD-1/PD-L1 pathway in the tumor microenvironment of hematopoietic neoplasms, discusses potential mechanisms to explain our findings, and outlines areas for future studies. We performed CD163 and PD1 immunohistochemical studies in 11 cases classified as plasmablastic lymphoma, and recorded the percentages of positive TAMs and TILs.

Single versus double-unit transfusion: Safety and efficacy for patients with hematologic malignancies.

Objectives: Although hemoglobin thresholds for red blood cell (RBC) transfusion have decreased, double-unit RBC transfusion practices persist. We studied the effects switching from predominantly double-unit to single-unit RBC transfusions had on utilization and clinical outcomes for malignant hematology patients.

Methods: Retrospective chart review compared malignant hematology patients before and after implementing single-unit RBC transfusion policy.

Intraventricular Pilocytic Astrocytoma With KIAA1549/BRAF Fusion Arising in a 44-Year Old.

Rare pilocytic astrocytomas (PA) have been described to arise in the ventricles of children. They are even less common in this location for the adult population. We present the case of a 44-year old man presenting with vision and mental status changes.

Eosinophilic Angiocentric Fibrosis: A Review and Update of Its Association With Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease.

Eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis is a rare indolent lesion of the head and neck region that has characteristic histologic findings of onionskin fibrosis and prominent eosinophils. Its pathogenesis has been poorly understood and has been most commonly attributed to hypersensitivity or previous trauma. Recently, the lesion has been included in the spectrum of immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease.

Suture Embolism of the Left Superior Lobar Pulmonary Artery.

Endogenous pulmonary thromboemboli are a common cause of noncardiac sudden natural death. Embolism of exogenous material is a rare but potential finding in autopsies following surgeries, medical procedures, penetrating trauma, and nonparenteral drug abuse. This report describes the first case of a suture embolism of the left superior lobar pulmonary artery following complicated abdominal surgery.

Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma in the cerebrospinal fluid.

Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is an aggressive soft tissue mass demonstrating rapid growth, dissemination, and leptomeningeal spread. Primary diagnosis is usually established by core biopsy. In rare cases, cytopathologic evaluation is indicated to identify recurrent or metastatic disease.

Glioblastoma Survival Outcomes at a Tertiary Hospital in Appalachia: Factors Impacting the Survival of Patients Following Implementation of the Stupp Protocol.

Background: Glioblastoma is a fatal brain cancer with low median and yearly survival rates. Standard of care for treating glioblastoma is gross total resection (GTR) coupled with the Stupp protocol, but various factors influence the interventions undertaken and survival achieved. As health disparities exist in rural areas, survival in these areas needs to be assessed to understand which factors detract from the successes of these standard medical interventions.

Biallelic PMS2 Mutation and Heterozygous DICER1 Mutation Presenting as Constitutional Mismatch Repair Deficiency With Corpus Callosum Agenesis: Case Report and Review of Literature.

Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency syndrome is a cancer predisposition syndrome caused by autosomal recessive biallelic (homozygous) germline mutations in the mismatch repair genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2). The clinical spectrum includes neoplastic and non-neoplastic manifestations. We present the case of a 7-year-old boy who presented with T-lymphoblastic lymphoma and glioblastoma, together with non-neoplastic manifestations including corpus callosum agenesis, arachnoid cyst, developmental venous anomaly, and hydrocephalus.

Plasmablastic lymphoma versus plasmablastic myeloma: an ongoing diagnostic dilemma.

Aims: To determine the utility of clinical, morphological and phenotypical features in the differential diagnosis of plasmablastic lymphoma and myeloma with plasmablastic features.

Methods: All plasmablastic neoplasms identified from a 15-year retrospective search were reviewed and classified into 'lymphoma', 'myeloma' or 'indeterminate'. The classification was then compared with the previously established clinical diagnosis.

Lipomatous meningioma: Case report and review of the literature.

Lipomatous meningiomas are a very rare form of brain meningiomas consisting of fat accumulation within the tumor. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computerized tomographic (CT) imaging can be utilized to visualize the fat accumulations, but histopathologic staining is necessary in order to make a definitive diagnosis. The key histopathologic feature is the identification of adipocyte-like cells within the tumor, but other markers have also been identified.

Locus-specific targeting to the X chromosome revealed by the RNA interactome of CTCF.

CTCF is a master regulator that plays important roles in genome architecture and gene expression. How CTCF is recruited in a locus-specific manner is not fully understood. Evidence from epigenetic processes, such as X chromosome inactivation (XCI), indicates that CTCF associates functionally with RNA.

Retinoic acid accelerates downregulation of the Xist repressor, Oct4, and increases the likelihood of Xist activation when Tsix is deficient.

Background: Imbalances in X-linked gene dosage between the sexes are resolved by transcriptionally silencing one of two X-chromosomes in female cells of the early mammalian embryo. X-inactivation is triggered by expression of the non-coding Xist gene. In turn, Xist is dually regulated by the antisense Tsix RNA and by the Oct4 pluripotency factor.

Acute altitude-induced hypoxia suppresses plasma glucose and leptin in healthy humans.

To examine the effects of acute altitude-induced hypoxia on the hormonal and metabolic response to ingested glucose, 8 young, healthy subjects (5 men and 3 women; age, 26 +/- 2 years; body mass index, 23.1 +/- 1.0 kg/m(2)) performed 2 randomized trials in a hypobaric chamber where a 75-g glucose solution was ingested under simulated altitude (ALT, 4300 m) or ambient (AMB, 362 m) conditions.

Telomeric RNAs mark sex chromosomes in stem cells.

Telomeric regions are known to be transcribed in several organisms. Although originally reported to be transcribed from all chromosomes with enrichment near the inactive X of female cells, we show that telomeric RNAs in fact are enriched on both sex chromosomes of the mouse in a developmentally specific manner. In female stem cells, both active Xs are marked by the RNAs.

FoxH1 negatively modulates flk1 gene expression and vascular formation in zebrafish.

Flk1 is the major receptor for VEGF on endothelial cells. During embryogenesis, flk1 is required for both vasculogenesis and angiogenesis and abnormally elevated flk1 expression is often associated with pathological conditions in adults. While the biological function of flk1 has been studied extensively, very little is known about how the flk1 gene is regulated at the transcriptional level.