Selective Utilization of the Human Milk Oligosaccharides 2'-Fucosyllactose, 3-Fucosyllactose, and Difucosyllactose by Various Probiotic and Pathogenic Bacteria.

Prebiotic human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are found in human milk, which are not digested by infants but are metabolized by beneficial gut bacteria. We determined the ability of 57 bacterial strains within the Family Lactobacillaceae and genera and and potentially pathogenic bacteria to ferment the HMOs 2'-fucosyllactose, 3-fucosyllactose, and difucosyllactose. In addition, prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS), lactose, fucose, and glucose were evaluated as carbon sources for these bacterial strains.

Robustness of steady state recycling chromatography with an integrated solvent removal unit.

The robustness of a hybrid separation process where the performance of mixed-recycle steady state recycling chromatography is enhanced by integrating it with a solvent removal unit is analysed theoretically and by means of numerical simulations. The equilibrium theory of chromatography is applied to derive equations for boundaries of feasible operating parameters in such a hybrid process. Visualization of the feasible operating parameter ranges helps in analysing the influence of various physical and process parameters of robustness of an operating point.

Steady state recycling chromatography with solvent removal-effect of solvent removal constraints on process operation under ideal conditions.

Steady state recycling chromatography (SSR) offers a means to reduce eluent consumption and increase productivity in preparative and production scale chromatographic separations. Even better performance is obtained with an integrated process by coupling solvent removal unit to the chromatographic separation unit. Here a design method for SSR with an integrated solvent removal unit (SSR-SR) is presented.

Design of batch chromatography for separation of binary mixtures under reduced purity requirements.

Two methods are presented for designing separation of binary mixtures in a batch chromatography column under reduced purity requirements such that no waste or recycle fractions are generated. The first one is based on the equilibrium theory of chromatography and requires adsorption isotherm parameters. The second one is a shortcut method that uses a single experimental or simulated design chromatogram as input and is recommended under strongly non-ideal conditions with significant dispersive effects.

Steady state recycling chromatography with an integrated solvent removal unit - separation of glucose and galactose.

A process concept where a solvent removal unit is integrated to a steady-state recycling chromatography process (SSR-SR) offers a possibility to significantly increase the performance of single column chromatographic separation. The advantages of solvent removal for a difficult separation task at conditions typical for industrial scale chromatography were demonstrated by investigating the performance of SSR-SR in separation of glucose and galactose. Two limits for the extent of solvent removal were imposed: maximum total concentration of the solution fed into the column (viscosity limit) and the maximum total concentration achievable in the solvent removal unit (solubility or osmotic pressure limit).

Bypass chromatography--design and analysis of an improved strategy for operating batch chromatography processes.

The possibility to improve the performance of batch chromatographic separations by using so-called bypass method is analyzed for the first time. In bypass chromatography, only a part of the feed is introduced into the column and purified to purity larger than the desired value. The resulting fractions are then blended with fresh feed to match the given purity constraints.

Explicit equations for the height and position of the first component shock for binary mixtures with competitive Langmuir isotherms under ideal conditions.

Explicit equations for the height c(1)(S) and retention time t(R,1) of the pure first component shock in the case of a narrow rectangular injection pulse of a binary mixture with competitive Langmuir isotherms were derived within the frame of the equilibrium theory. The height of the first shock is obtained as an only positive root of a quartic equation. Hence, it was shown that, for binary Langmuir systems, the individual concentration profiles at the column outlet can be expressed entirely in closed-form.