Recent advances in recovering bioactive compounds from macroalgae and microalgae using subcritical water extraction: Prospective compounds and biological activities.

Algae, widely as a valuable marine biomass, are appreciated globally for their unique chemical compositions and exceptional nutritional benefits. Scientists are increasingly focusing on valorizing algae biomass to recover polysaccharides and bioactive extracts. Conventional methods commonly used to extract bioactive compounds have several limitations.

Hard X-ray single-shot spectrometer of PAL-XFEL.

A transmissive single-shot spectrometer has been developed to monitor shot-to-shot spectral structures in the hard X-ray beamline of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL). The established spectrometer comprises 10 µm-thick Si crystals bent to a radius of curvature of 100 mm. Depending on the photon energy range, either the Si (111) or Si (110) crystal can be selected for spectral analysis.

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) waste as a unique source of biofunctional protein hydrolysates: Emerging productions, promising applications, and challenges mitigation.

The Atlantic salmon is an extremely popular fish for its nutritional value and unique taste among several fish species. Researchers are focusing on the utilization of Atlantic salmon waste for generating protein hydrolysates rich in peptides and amino acids and investigating their health benefits. Several technological approaches, including enzymatic, chemical, and the recently developed subcritical water hydrolysis, are currently used for the production of Atlantic salmon waste protein hydrolysates.

Subcritical Water Extraction of : Comparative Study of the Chemical Properties and Biological Activities across Different Parts.

The subcritical water extraction of (blade, sporophyll, and root) was evaluated to determine its chemical properties and biological activities. The extraction was conducted at 180 °C and 3 MPa. Root extracts exhibited the highest phenolic content (43.

Diffractive mirrors for neutral-atom matter-wave optics.

Mirrors for atoms and molecules are essential tools for matter-wave optics with neutral particles. Their realization has required either a clean and atomically smooth crystal surface, sophisticated tailored electromagnetic fields, nanofabrication, or particle cooling because of the inherently short de Broglie wavelengths and strong interactions of atoms with surfaces. Here, we demonstrate reflection of He atoms from inexpensive, readily available, and robust gratings designed for light waves.

Surface figure correction with roughness reduction using carbon-doped platinum film for high-precision X-ray mirror fabrication.

To obtain the surface shape of an X-ray mirror with high precision, a differential deposition method was used instead of a direct removal method. To modify the mirror surface shape using the differential deposition method, it is necessary to coat it with a thick film, and the co-deposition method is used to suppress the increase in surface roughness. The addition of C to the Pt thin film, which is often used as an X-ray optical thin film, resulted in lower surface roughness compared with that with the Pt coating alone, and the stress change according to the thin film thickness was evaluated.

Analysis of the reasons why patients cancel shoulder surgery despite recommendation.

Background: To determine the reasons and factors that contribute to the cancellations of shoulder surgeries at a tertiary referral center and to analyze the characteristics of these patients.

Methods: Patients scheduled for shoulder surgery from June 2017 to July 2019 were allocated to a surgery group (n=224) or a cancellation group (n=96). These groups were compared with respect to patient characteristics, types of surgery, distance from patient's home to the hospital, traveling time to the hospital, and waiting period before surgery.

Room temperature XFEL crystallography reveals asymmetry in the vicinity of the two phylloquinones in photosystem I.

Photosystem I (PS I) has a symmetric structure with two highly similar branches of pigments at the center that are involved in electron transfer, but shows very different efficiency along the two branches. We have determined the structure of cyanobacterial PS I at room temperature (RT) using femtosecond X-ray pulses from an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) that shows a clear expansion of the entire protein complex in the direction of the membrane plane, when compared to previous cryogenic structures. This trend was observed by complementary datasets taken at multiple XFEL beamlines.

BL-11C Micro-MX: a high-flux microfocus macromolecular-crystallography beamline for micrometre-sized protein crystals at Pohang Light Source II.

BL-11C, a new protein crystallography beamline, is an in-vacuum undulator-based microfocus beamline used for macromolecular crystallography at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory and it was made available to users in June 2017. The beamline is energy tunable in the range 5.0-20 keV to support conventional single- and multi-wavelength anomalous-dispersion experiments against a wide range of heavy metals.

Surgical Options for Failed Rotator Cuff Repair, except Arthroplasty: Review of Current Methods.

Although the prevalence of rotator cuff tears is dependent on the size, 11% to 94% of patients experience retear or healing failure after rotator cuff repair. Treatment of patients with failed rotator cuff repair ranges widely, from conservative treatment to arthroplasty. This review article attempts to summarize the most recent and relevant surgical options for failed rotator cuff repair patients, and the outcomes of each treatment, except arthroplasty.

Long Head of the Biceps Tendon Tenotomy versus Subpectoral Tenodesis in Rotator Cuff Repair.

Backgroud: Lesions of the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) are one of the most common pathologies in patients with a rotator cuff tear. Although various procedures have been shown to be effective for treating LHBT lesions during rotator cuff repair, no consensus has been reached regarding the most effective treatment. The purpose of this study was to compare the outcomes of tenotomy vs subpectoral tenodesis of the LHBT in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Effects of a Thermosensitive Antiadhesive Agent on Single-Row Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair.

Background: Postoperative stiffness after rotator cuff repair is a common complication that can lead to poor outcomes and patient discomfort. The application of an antiadhesive agent at the time of repair recently became an option for clinicians, but little information is available on its effects.

Purpose: To evaluate and compare retear rates, the incidence of postoperative stiffness, and the clinical outcomes of patients who underwent cuff repair with or without the application of an antiadhesive agent.

Application of a high-throughput microcrystal delivery system to serial femtosecond crystallography.

Microcrystal delivery methods are pivotal in the use of serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) to resolve the macromolecular structures of proteins. Here, the development of a novel technique and instruments for efficiently delivering microcrystals for SFX are presented. The new method, which relies on a one-dimensional fixed-target system that includes a microcrystal container, consumes an extremely low amount of sample compared with conventional two-dimensional fixed-target techniques at ambient temperature.

Novel and reproducible technique coping with intraoperative anchor pullout during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair.

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of intraoperative anchor pullout during arthroscopic rotator cuff repair, to compare the outcomes of different methods of managing anchor pullout, and to introduce a new technique for anchor pullout.

Methods: 1076 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair using a single-row repair technique were included. In 483 patients, rotator cuff repair was performed using a screw-in type anchor, and in 593 patients, soft anchors were used.

Hard X-ray self-seeding commissioning at PAL-XFEL.

A wake monochromator based on a large-area diamond single crystal for hard X-ray self-seeding has been successfully installed and commissioned in the hard X-ray free-electron laser (FEL) at the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory with international collaboration. For this commissioning, the self-seeding was demonstrated with a low bunch charge (40 pC) and the nominal bunch charge (180 pC) of self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE) operation. The FEL pulse lengths were estimated as 7 fs and 29.

In situ AFM visualization of Li-O battery discharge products during redox cycling in an atmospherically controlled sample cell.

The in situ observation of electrochemical reactions is challenging due to a constantly changing electrode surface under highly sensitive conditions. This study reports the development of an in situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique for electrochemical systems, including the design, fabrication, and successful performance of a sealed AFM cell operating in a controlled atmosphere. Documentation of reversible physical processes on the cathode surface was performed on the example of a highly reactive lithium-oxygen battery system at different water concentrations in the solvent.

Nylon mesh-based sample holder for fixed-target serial femtosecond crystallography.

Fixed-target serial femtosecond crystallography (FT-SFX) was an important advance in crystallography by dramatically reducing sample consumption, while maintaining the benefits of SFX for obtaining crystal structures at room temperature without radiation damage. Despite a number of advantages, preparation of a sample holder for the sample delivery in FT-SFX with the use of many crystals in a single mount at ambient temperature is challenging as it can be complicated and costly, and thus, development of an efficient sample holder is essential. In this study, we introduced a nylon mesh-based sample holder enclosed by a polyimide film.

Coherence and pulse duration characterization of the PAL-XFEL in the hard X-ray regime.

We characterize the spatial and temporal coherence properties of hard X-ray pulses from the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL, Pohang, Korea). The measurement of the single-shot speckle contrast, together with the introduction of corrections considering experimental conditions, allows obtaining an intrinsic degree of transverse coherence of 0.85 ± 0.

Polyacrylamide injection matrix for serial femtosecond crystallography.

Serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX) provides opportunities to observe the dynamics of macromolecules without causing radiation damage at room temperature. Although SFX provides a biologically more reliable crystal structure than provided by the existing synchrotron sources, there are limitations due to the consumption of many crystal samples. A viscous medium as a carrier matrix reduces the flow rate of the crystal sample from the injector, thereby dramatically reducing sample consumption.

Flat Monolayer Graphene Cathodes for Li-Oxygen Microbatteries.

Miniature batteries can accelerate the development of mobile electronics by providing sufficient energy to power small devices. Typical microbatteries commonly use thin-film inorganic electrodes based on Li-ion insertion reaction. However, they rely on the complicated thin-film synthesis method of inorganics containing many elements.

Focusing X-ray free-electron laser pulses using Kirkpatrick-Baez mirrors at the NCI hutch of the PAL-XFEL.

The Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free-Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL) is a recently commissioned X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) facility that provides intense ultrashort X-ray pulses based on the self-amplified spontaneous emission process. The nano-crystallography and coherent imaging (NCI) hutch with forward-scattering geometry is located at the hard X-ray beamline of the PAL-XFEL and provides opportunities to perform serial femtosecond crystallography and coherent X-ray diffraction imaging. To produce intense high-density XFEL pulses at the interaction positions between the X-rays and various samples, a microfocusing Kirkpatrick-Baez (KB) mirror system that includes an ultra-precision manipulator has been developed.

Graphene Folding in Si Rich Carbon Nanofibers for Highly Stable, High Capacity Li-Ion Battery Anodes.

Silicon nanoparticles (Si NPs) wrapped by graphene in carbon nanofibers were obtained via electrospinning and subsequent thermal treatment. In this study, water-soluble poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with low carbon yield is selected to make the process water-based and to achieve a high silicon yield in the composite. It was also found that increasing the amount of graphene helps keep the PVA fiber morphology after carbonization, while forming a graphene network.

Damage threshold of platinum/carbon multilayers under hard X-ray free-electron laser irradiation.

We evaluated the irradiation damage induced by hard X-ray free-electron lasers to platinum/carbon multilayers intended for use in a focusing reflective mirror. In order to determine the damage threshold, we compared X-ray reflectivities before and after irradiation at the first-order Bragg angle using a focused X-ray free-electron laser with a beam size of approximately 1 μm and a pulse energy ranging from 0.01 to 10 μJ at a photon energy of 10 keV.

Healing disturbance with suture bridge configuration repair in rabbit rotator cuff tear.

Background: Medial row failure has been reported in the suture bridge technique of rotator cuff repair. This study compared the healing response of suture bridge configuration repair (SBCR) and parallel type transosseous repair (PTR).

Methods: Acute rotator cuff repair was performed in 32 rabbits.