In pH 2.8-3.8 BR buffer medium, the third generation cephalosporin antibiotics (TGCs) such as ceftazidime (CZD), ceftriaxone (CTRX), cefoperazone (CPZ), and cefotaxime (CFTM) react with palladium(II) (Pd(II)) to form 1:2 yellowish-brown cationic chelates, which further react with 4,5-dibromofluorescein (DBF) to form 1:3 brown ion-association complexes.
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