The impact of pulmonary tuberculosis on SARS-CoV-2 infection: a nationwide cohort study.

Background: The interaction between COVID-19 and tuberculosis (TB) is not yet fully understood, and large-scale research on the mortality outcome of such dual infection has been limited. This study aimed to investigate the impact of PTB on mortality among patients with COVID-19 within a Korean population by conducting an extensive analysis of a nationwide large dataset.

Method: We investigated the mortality and disease severity among COVID-19 patients who had PTB in South Korea.

Does COVID-19 vaccination increase the risk of interstitial lung disease at a population level?

https://bit.ly/3TWzzxP.

The Impact of Bronchiectasis on the Clinical Characteristics of Non-Severe Asthma.

Current literature primarily delves into the relationship between bronchiectasis and severe asthma, and only a few studies have evaluated the impact of bronchiectasis in patients with non-severe asthma. Therefore, this study investigated the clinical impact of bronchiectasis in patients with non-severe asthma. A prospective observational study of 140 non-severe asthmatic patients with (bronchiectasis group) and without bronchiectasis (control group) was conducted between September 2012 and February 2022.

The Association between Family History of Lung Cancer and Development of Lung Cancer: Analysis from the KoGES Data in Korea.

Comprehensive analyses of the association between a family history of lung cancer and lung cancer risk are limited, especially in the Korean population. We used baseline data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, conducted between 2001 and 2013. This study enrolled 198,980 individuals.

Impact of adjuvant chemotherapy on patients with stage IB non-small cell lung cancer with visceral pleural invasion.

Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy has reduced the risk of recurrence and death in stage IB non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with high-risk factors; however, the impact of visceral pleural invasion (VPI) on outcomes in stage IB NSCLC treated with adjuvant chemotherapy remains controversial. The aim of this study was to explore the clinical and prognostic significance of adjuvant chemotherapy for stage IB (1-4 cm) NSCLC with VPI.

Methods: This retrospective study included 251 patients admitted between January 2008 and May 2018 from four hospitals who underwent complete resection for Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) 8th edition stage IB NSCLC with VPI.

Synergistic toxicity with copper contributes to NAT2-associated isoniazid toxicity.

Anti-tuberculosis (AT) medications, including isoniazid (INH), can cause drug-induced liver injury (DILI), but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify genetic factors that may increase the susceptibility of individuals to AT-DILI and to examine genetic interactions that may lead to isoniazid (INH)-induced hepatotoxicity. We performed a targeted sequencing analysis of 380 pharmacogenes in a discovery cohort of 112 patients (35 AT-DILI patients and 77 controls) receiving AT treatment for active tuberculosis.

Risk of newly diagnosed interstitial lung disease after COVID-19 and impact of vaccination: a nationwide population-based cohort study.

Objectives: Previous studies suggested that coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) could lead to pulmonary fibrosis, but the incidence of newly diagnosed interstitial lung disease (ILD) after COVID-19 is unclear. We aimed to determine whether COVID-19 increases the risk of newly diagnosed ILD and whether vaccination against COVID-19 can reduce this risk.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study used data from the Korean National Health Insurance claim-based database.

Modified Cardiovascular Sequential Organ Failure Assessment Score in Sepsis: External Validation in Intensive Care Unit Patients.

Background: There is a need to update the cardiovascular (CV) Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score to reflect the current practice in sepsis. We previously proposed the modified CV SOFA score from data on blood pressure, norepinephrine equivalent dose, and lactate as gathered from emergency departments. In this study, we externally validated the modified CV SOFA score in multicenter intensive care unit (ICU) patients.

Association between non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis and the risk of incident dementia: A nationwide cohort study.

Background: Chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma, are associated with an increased risk of dementia. However, few data are available regarding the risk of dementia in individuals with bronchiectasis.

Objectives: To explore the association between bronchiectasis and the risk of incident dementia using a longitudinal population-based cohort.

Comparative analyses of the faecal resistome against β-lactam and quinolone antibiotics in humans and livestock using metagenomic sequencing.

To assess the prevalence and abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in human and livestock gut microbiomes, 87 humans (healthy individuals and patients with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI)) and 108 livestock (swine, cattle, and chickens) were enrolled. Gut microbiomes and fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolates were sequenced, and mobile genetic elements adjacent to the β-lactamase (bla) and transferable quinolone resistance (qnr) genes were compared using metagenomic contigs. Each group of humans and livestock exhibited distinctive microbiota and resistome compositions in the gut.

Impact of air pollution on healthcare utilization in patients with bronchiectasis.

Introduction: Air pollutants are increasingly recognized to affect long-term outcomes in patients with bronchiectasis. We aimed to figure out the association between air pollutants and the risk of healthcare utilization in patients with bronchiectasis.

Methods: Data for 1,029 subjects with bronchiectasis in Seoul were extracted.

Systemic sclerosis and risk of bronchiectasis: a nationwide longitudinal cohort study.

Background: The association between systemic sclerosis and the development of bronchiectasis is unclear. This study aimed to compare the risk of bronchiectasis between individuals with systemic sclerosis and those without using a nationwide longitudinal dataset.

Methods: Using the Korean National Health Insurance Service dataset between 2010 and 2017, we identified 4845 individuals aged ≥ 20 years with systemic sclerosis and 24,225 without systemic sclerosis who were matched 1:5 by age and sex.

Increased Risk of New-Onset Asthma After COVID-19: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: Previous studies have suggested that respiratory virus infections may be associated with new-onset asthma. However, whether coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with an increased risk of new-onset asthma remains unclear.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate whether recent COVID-19 increases the risk of new-onset asthma and whether COVID-19 vaccination could mitigate this risk.

Impact of Allergic Disease on the Risk of Mycobacterial Disease.

Background: The association between allergic diseases and the risk of mycobacterial disease is unclear.

Objective: To evaluate the association between allergic diseases and mycobacterial diseases.

Methods: This was a population-based cohort study of 3,838,680 individuals, without prior mycobacterial disease, who participated in the 2009 National Health Screening Exam.

Clinical characteristics of rheumatoid arthritis patients with interstitial lung disease: baseline data of a single-center prospective cohort.

Background: To introduce a prospective cohort for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and to identify their clinical features in comparison with RA patients without ILD.

Methods: Using a multidisciplinary collaborative approach, a single-center cohort for RA patients with ILD (RA-ILD) was established in May 2017, and enrolment data from May 2017 to March 2021 were used to compare the clinical features of RA patients without ILD (RA-non ILD). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with ILD in RA patients.