Intraocular Foreign Body: Diagnostic Protocols and Treatment Strategies in Ocular Trauma Patients.

Intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) are critical ophthalmic emergencies that require urgent diagnosis and treatment to prevent blindness or globe loss. This study aimed to examine the various clinical presentations of IOFBs, determine the prognostic factors for final visual outcomes, establish diagnostic protocols, and update treatment strategies for patients with IOFBs. We retrospectively reviewed patients with IOFBs between 2005 and 2019.

Quiescence and Subsequent Anterior Chamber Inflammation in Adalimumab-treated Pediatric Noninfectious Uveitis.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of adalimumab in pediatric uveitis and subsequent changes in anterior chamber inflammation following the inactivation of uveitis.

Methods: In this retrospective study, patients with noninfectious uveitis younger than 18 years of age who were treated with adalimumab for more than 12 months were included. The rate of complete suppression and the relapse in anterior chamber inflammation following the initiation of adalimumab therapy were evaluated using anterior chamber cell score and laser flare photometry (LFP) values, if available.

Anatomical configurations of vitreomacular traction syndrome: influence on clinical course and surgical outcomes.

Purpose: To develop a new classification system for vitreomacular traction (VMT) syndrome according to spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging and to investigate the clinical course of VMT patients.

Methods: This study included 68 eyes of 68 consecutive patients who were followed with observation or treated with vitrectomy for idiopathic VMT. Eyes were classified into one of three groups according to SD-OCT findings: group A (foveal pseudocyst, which was defined as the formation of cystoid cavity located in the inner part of the central fovea along with foveal thickening), group B (parafoveal retinoschisis, which was defined as intraretinal cysts or clefts along with no apparent foveal thickening), and group C (outer retinal dehiscence at the fovea, which is sometimes accompanied by foveal thinning).

Risk factors for and management of pupillary intraocular lens capture after intraocular lens transscleral fixation.

Purpose: To analyze risk factors and management of pupillary intraocular lens (IOL) capture after IOL transscleral fixation.

Setting: Department of Ophthalmology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Mediate Inflammation Resolution in Humans and Mice with Autoimmune Uveoretinitis.

Resolution of inflammation is an active process that leads to tissue homeostasis and involves multiple cellular and molecular mechanisms. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have recently emerged as important cellular components in the resolution of inflammation because of their activities to suppress T cell activation. In this article, we show that HLA-DRCD11bCD33CD14 human MDSCs and CD11bLy6GLy6C mouse MDSCs markedly increased in patients and mice during and before the resolution phase of autoimmune uveoretinitis.

Rate of Macular Ganglion Cell-inner Plexiform Layer Thinning in Glaucomatous Eyes With Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Inhibition.

Purpose: To evaluate the rate of progressive macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thinning in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) who had been treated with intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) injection for wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD).

Methods: This study was a retrospective modified case control study with fellow eye comparison. We enrolled bilateral OAG patients who had been treated with repeated anti-VEGF injections for unilateral wet AMD and followed-up on for a minimum of 24 months by Cirrus high-definition optical coherence tomography.

FLUOCINOLONE ACETONIDE IMPLANT FOR VOGT-KOYANAGI-HARADA DISEASE: Three-Year Outcomes of Efficacy and Safety.

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy and safety of fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant in patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease.

Methods: A post hoc, subgroup analysis on patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada was performed using data sets from two multicenter randomized trials on fluocinolone acetonide implant. Each subject received fluocinolone acetonide implantation in one eye and standard-of-care treatment in the fellow eye and was followed for 3 years.

RECOVERY OF FOVEAL PHOTORECEPTOR INTEGRITY AFTER VITRECTOMY IN EYES WITH AN IMPENDING MACULAR HOLE WITH VITREOMACULAR TRACTION SYNDROME.

Purpose: To identify factors associated with the recovery of foveal photoreceptor disruption in eyes with an impending macular hole (MH) with vitreomacular traction syndrome after surgery.

Methods: This study comprised 33 consecutive patients who underwent vitrectomy for Stage 1 impending macular hole with disrupted photoreceptor inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) layer and were followed up for a minimum of 1 year after surgery. Preoperative optical coherence tomography (OCT) parameters were compared between eyes that achieved complete restoration of the IS/OS layer (Group A) and those that did not (Group B).

Intraperitoneal infusion of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells prevents experimental autoimmune uveitis in mice.

Autoimmune uveitis is one of the leading causes of blindness. We here investigated whether intraperitoneal administration of human mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (hMSCs) might prevent development of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) in mice. Time course study showed that the number of IFN-γ- or IL-17-expressing CD4(+) T cells was increased in draining lymph nodes (DLNs) on the postimmunization day 7 and decreased thereafter.

Association between reproductive factors and age-related macular degeneration in postmenopausal women: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2012.

Purpose: To examine the association between female reproductive factors and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in postmenopausal women.

Design: Nationwide population-based cross-sectional study.

Methods: A nationally representative dataset acquired from the 2010-2012 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was analyzed.

Epidemiological association between systemic diseases and age-related macular degeneration: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2011.

Purpose: We examined the epidemiological association between systemic diseases and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the general Korean population.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved nationally representative data obtained from the 2008 to 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. A total of 14,352 subjects aged ≥40 years participated in standardized health interviews regarding physician-diagnosis of several systemic diseases as well as physical examinations, including fundus photography for the evaluation of AMD.

Clinical features and course of ocular toxocariasis in adults.

Purpose: To investigate the clinical features, clinical course of granuloma, serologic findings, treatment outcome, and probable infection sources in adult patients with ocular toxocariasis (OT).

Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we examined 101 adult patients diagnosed clinically and serologically with OT. Serial fundus photographs and spectral domain optical coherence tomography images of all the patients were reviewed.

Comparison of 1-year therapeutic effect of ranibizumab and bevacizumab for myopic choroidal neovascularization: a retrospective, multicenter, comparative study.

Background: To compare the long-term efficacy of ranibizumab versus bevacizumab for myopic choroidal neovascularization (CNV).

Methods: This was a retrospective, multicenter, comparative, non-randomized study of 64 consecutive patients with myopic CNV treated with ranibizumab (22 patients) or bevacizumab (42 patients). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central foveal thickness (CFT) on optical coherence tomography were evaluated before and after treatment.

Combined corneal allotransplantation and vitreoretinal surgery using an Eckardt temporary keratoprosthesis: analysis for factors determining corneal allograft survival.

Purpose: To evaluate the outcome of corneal allotransplantation in combined penetrating keratoplasty and vitreoretinal surgery using a temporary keratoprosthesis, and to determine the factors affecting corneal allograft survival.

Methods: We reviewed the medical charts of eleven patients who had undergone combined corneal allotransplantation and pars plana vitrectomy using an Eckardt temporary keratoprosthesis, for the treatment of corneal opacification and vitreoretinal disease. The survival rates of the corneal grafts were assessed, and patient demographics, the diagnosis of corneal and retinal disease, the preoperative ocular characteristics, and surgical methods were compared between the group with graft survival and that with graft failure.

Prevalence and risk factors of age-related macular degeneration in Korea: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010-2011.

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in the general Korean adult population.

Methods: The study involved a nationally representative Korean population from the 2010 to 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 7899 subjects ≥ 40 years old participated in health interviews, physical examinations, and ophthalmologic assessment including fundus photography.

Cytomegalovirus retinitis after intravitreal bevacizumab injection in an immunocompetent patient.

We report a case of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis after intravitreal bevacizumab injection. A 61-year-old woman with diabetic macular edema developed dense vitritis and necrotizing retinitis 3 weeks after intravitreal bevacizumab injection. A diagnostic vitrectomy was performed.

Inhibitory activity of bevacizumab to differentiation of retinoblastoma cells.

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a major regulator in retinal and choroidal angiogenesis, which are common causes of blindness in all age groups. Recently anti-VEGF treatment using anti-VEGF antibody has revolutionarily improved the visual outcome in patients with vaso-proliferative retinopathies. Herein, we demonstrated that bevacizumab as an anti-VEGF antibody could inhibit differentiation of retinoblastoma cells without affection to cellular viability, which would be mediated via blockade of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 activation.

Bilateral same-day intravitreal injections using a single vial and molecular bacterial screening for safety surveillance.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety of bilateral same-day intravitreal injections using a single vial and to introduce a molecular surveillance system to screen bacterial drug contamination using eubacterial polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Methods: Retrospective review of the medical records of 135 patients who received 574 bilateral same-day intravitreal injections for various retinal diseases in 2 tertiary referral hospitals between January 2008 and March 2010 was performed. Data were obtained regarding the diagnosis, kinds of drugs injected, postinjection complications, and the result of molecular bacterial screening of the injected drugs.

A randomized pilot study of low-fluence photodynamic therapy versus intravitreal ranibizumab for chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.

Purpose: To report 6-month outcomes of a prospective, randomized study comparing the efficacy and safety between low-fluence photodynamic therapy (PDT) and intravitreal injections of ranibizumab in the treatment of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.

Design: Prospective, randomized, single-center pilot study.

Methods: Sixteen eyes with chronic central serous chorioretinopathy were randomized to receive either low-fluence PDT or intravitreal injections of ranibizumab: 8 eyes in the low-fluence PDT group and 8 in the ranibizumab group.

Aspergillus fumigatus scleritis associated with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.

A 68-year-old woman presented with pain in her left eye. Necrosis with calcium plaques was observed on the medial part of the sclera. Aspergillus fumigatus was isolated from the culture of the necrotic area.

Modified transscleral fixation using combined temporary haptic externalization and injector intraocular lens implantation.

Several transscleral suturing techniques require intricate surgical maneuvers and are associated with an increased risk for surgical trauma. We describe a new scleral fixation method that combines the advantages of temporary haptic externalization and injector implantation of an intraocular lens (IOL). After IOL insertion with the injector, each haptic is externalized through 2 adjacent corneal incisions.