Robust genome editing activity and the applications of enhanced miniature CRISPR-Cas12f1.

With recent advancements in gene editing technology using the CRISPR/Cas system, there is a demand for more effective gene editors. A key factor facilitating efficient gene editing is effective CRISPR delivery into cells, which is known to be associated with the size of the CRISPR system. Accordingly, compact CRISPR-Cas systems derived from various strains are discovered, among which Un1Cas12f1 is 2.

Artificial Intelligence-Based Fully Automated Quantitative Coronary Angiography vs Optical Coherence Tomography-Guided PCI (FLASH Trial).

Background: Recently developed artificial intelligence-based coronary angiography (AI-QCA, fully automated) provides real-time, objective, and reproducible quantitative analysis of coronary angiography without requiring additional time or labor.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of AI-QCA-assisted percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) compared to optical coherence tomography (OCT)-guided PCI in terms of post-PCI results.

Methods: This trial enrolled 400 patients with significant coronary artery disease undergoing PCI from 13 participating centers in South Korea.

Sound-Based Unsupervised Fault Diagnosis of Industrial Equipment Considering Environmental Noise.

The influence of environmental noise is generally excluded during research on machine fault diagnosis using acoustic signals. This study proposes a fault diagnosis method using a variational autoencoder (VAE) and domain adaptation neural network (DANN), both of which are based on unsupervised learning, to address this problem. The proposed method minimizes the impact of environmental noise and maintains the fault diagnosis performance in altered environments.

Signal-Guided Multitask Learning for Myocardial Infarction Classification Using Images of Electrocardiogram.

Introduction: The diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI) needs to be swift and accurate, but definitively diagnosing it based on the first test encountered in clinical practice, the electrocardiogram (ECG), is not an easy task. The purpose of the study was to develop a deep learning (DL) algorithm using multitask learning method to differentiate patients experiencing MI from those without coronary artery disease using image-based ECG data.

Methods: A DL model was developed based on 11,227 ECG images.

2024 Korean Society of Myocardial Infarction/National Evidence-Based Healthcare Collaborating Agency Guideline for the Pharmacotherapy of Acute Coronary Syndromes.

Many countries have published clinical practice guidelines for appropriate clinical decisions, optimal treatment, and improved clinical outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Developing guidelines that are specifically tailored to the Korean environment is crucial, considering the treatment system, available medications and medical devices, racial differences, and level of language communication. In 2017, the Korean Society of Myocardial Infarction established a guideline development committee.

Association of Adding Salt to Foods and Potassium Intake with Incident Atrial Fibrillation in the UK Biobank Study.

Background: High sodium and low potassium consumption are related to hypertension and cardiovascular disease. We aimed to determine the relationship between the frequency of salt addition and potassium consumption with the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF).

Methods: Our study used the UK Biobank cohort, which included over 500,000 individuals enrolled from the United Kingdom between 2006 and 2010.

Neonatologist staffing is related to the inter-hospital variation of risk-adjusted mortality of very low birth weight infants in Korea.

This study investigated whether hospital factors, including patient volume, unit level, and neonatologist staffing, were associated with variations in standardized mortality ratios (SMR) adjusted for patient factors in very-low-birth-weight infants (VLBWIs). A total of 15,766 VLBWIs born in 63 hospitals between 2013 and 2020 were analyzed using data from the Korean Neonatal Network cohort. SMRs were evaluated after adjusting for patient factors.

E-portfolio utilization in medical school clinical practice: assessing satisfaction and learning advantages.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the difference in satisfaction and learning benefits between e-portfolios compared to paper portfolios during clinical practice in medical schools.

Methods: Utilization of and satisfaction with e-portfolios among 40 third-year medical students in the medicine department of Ajou University School of Medicine was collected using an online survey in December 2020. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and an analysis of variance.

Clinical Impact of Self-Recognition of Recurrent Acute Myocardial Infarction: From KRMI-RCC.

: Self-recognition of recurrent myocardial infarction (re-MI) may be essential for reducing prehospital time contrast to awareness of re-MI symptoms. However, data on the current status and clinical impact of self-recognition of re-MI are limited in the contemporary period. Thus, this study aimed to increase this body of knowledge.

Comparison of medical students' perceptions of patient safety: Focusing on simulation training using a high-fidelity simulator.

Patient safety education is necessary for the provision of high-quality medical services. A significant aspect of patient safety education is simulation training, which allows medical students to experience realistic clinical environments. This study aimed to verify the effectiveness of patient safety education using simulation training.

Long-term clinical outcomes of image-guided percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction from the Korea Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry.

Imaging modalities for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), such as intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) or optical coherence tomography (OCT), have increased in the current PCI era. However, their clinical benefits in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have not been fully elucidated. This study investigated the long-term outcomes of image-guided PCI in patients with AMI using data from the Korean Acute Myocardial Infarction Registry.

Can left atrial diameter measured by computed tomography predict the presence and degree of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction?

Objective: This study was conducted to determine whether the presence and degree of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) can be predicted by the simple computed tomography -measured left atrial diameter (CTLAD).

Methods: Among adult patients who underwent both chest CT imaging and echocardiography in the emergency department from January 2020 to December 2021, a retrospective cross-sectional study enrolled patients in whom the time interval between the two tests was <24 hours. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic power of CTLAD for echocardiographic LVDD.

Deep-Learning Model Prediction of Radiation Pneumonitis Using Pretreatment Chest Computed Tomography and Clinical Factors.

This study aimed to build a comprehensive deep-learning model for the prediction of radiation pneumonitis using chest computed tomography (CT), clinical, dosimetric, and laboratory data. Radiation therapy is an effective tool for treating patients with lung cancer. Despite its effectiveness, the risk of radiation pneumonitis limits its application.

Fully automated quantitative coronary angiography versus optical coherence tomography guidance for coronary stent implantation (FLASH): Study protocol for a randomized controlled noninferiority trial.

Background: Artificial intelligence-based quantitative coronary angiography (AI-QCA) has been developed to provide a more objective and reproducible data about the severity of coronary artery stenosis and the dimensions of the vessel for intervention in real-time, overcoming the limitations of significant inter- and intraobserver variability, and time-consuming nature of on-site QCA, without requiring extra time and effort. Compared with the subjective nature of visually estimated conventional CAG guidance, AI-QCA guidance provides a more practical and standardized angiography-based approach. Although the advantage of intravascular imaging-guided PCI is increasingly recognized, their broader adoption is limited by clinical and economic barriers in many catheterization laboratories.

Application of Microbiome-Based Therapies in Chronic Respiratory Diseases.

The application of microbiome-based therapies in various areas of human disease has recently increased. In chronic respiratory disease, microbiome-based clinical applications are considered compelling options due to the limitations of current treatments. The lung microbiome is ecologically dynamic and affected by various conditions, and dysbiosis is associated with disease severity, exacerbation, and phenotype as well as with chronic respiratory disease endotype.

Association Between Orthostatic Hypertension and Frailty Among Older Patients With Hypertension.

Background: Frailty frequently coexists with hypertension in older patients. We aimed to evaluate the association between frailty and positional change in blood pressure, especially orthostatic hypertension.

Methods: Participants were recruited from 12 University hospitals in South Korea.

Characteristics According to Frailty Status Among Older Korean Patients With Hypertension.

Background: As the prevalence of hypertension increases with age and the proportion of the older population is also on the rise, research on the characteristics of older hypertensive patients and the importance of frailty is necessary. This study aimed to identify clinical characteristics of older hypertension in Korea and to investigate these characteristics based on frailty status.

Methods: The HOW to Optimize eLDerly systolic BP (HOWOLD-BP) is a prospective, multicenter, open-label, randomized clinical trial that aims to compare intensive (target systolic blood pressure [SBP] ≤ 130 mmHg) with standard (target SBP ≤ 140 mmHg) treatment to reduce cardiovascular events in older hypertensive Korean patients aged ≥ 65 years.

Standigm ASK™: knowledge graph and artificial intelligence platform applied to target discovery in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Standigm ASK™ revolutionizes healthcare by addressing the critical challenge of identifying pivotal target genes in disease mechanisms-a fundamental aspect of drug development success. Standigm ASK™ integrates a unique combination of a heterogeneous knowledge graph (KG) database and an attention-based neural network model, providing interpretable subgraph evidence. Empowering users through an interactive interface, Standigm ASK™ facilitates the exploration of predicted results.

Significant Gap Between Guidelines and Practice in the Management of LDL Cholesterol: Insight From the Survey of the Korean Society of Myocardial Infarction.

The Guidelines of the 2019 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the 5th Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis (KSoLA) for the Management of Dyslipidemia advocate a more intensive lipid-lowering strategy. However, there is a lack of evidence regarding the current status of lipid management in Korean patients in real-world practice. The Korean Society of Myocardial Infarction conducted a survey among its members of the Korean Society of Cardiology on the new lipid guidelines.

Nationwide Long-Term Growth and Developmental Outcomes of Infants for Congenital Anomalies in the Digestive System and Abdominal Wall Defects With Surgery in Korea.

Background: Infants with congenital anomalies of the digestive system and abdominal wall defects requiring surgery are at risk of growth and developmental delays. The aim of this study was to analyze long-term growth and developmental outcomes for infants with congenital anomalies of the digestive system and abdominal wall defects who underwent surgery in Korea.

Methods: We extracted data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service database for the years 2013-2019.

Clinical manifestations and associated factors of uveitis in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis: a case control study.

Sarcoidosis, an idiopathic and inflammatory disease, affects various organs and can manifest as uveitis. Due to limited evidence, researchers investigated the risk factors associated with uveitis in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. A retrospective study was conducted on 71 pulmonary sarcoidosis patients, including 19 with uveitis and 52 without.