Correlates of diabetes mellitus and hypertension in India: Change as evidenced from NFHS- 4 and 5 during 2015-2021.

Both diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN) have been on the rise in recent decades all over the world more remarkably in developing countries like India. We intend to measure the prevalence of DM and HTN in the Indian population and to compare the trends and various correlates of these diseases in NFHS (National Family Health Survey)-4 and 5. Data of NFHS-4 and 5 were accessed from dhs program website.

Impact of Lockdown on Air Quality in the Most Polluted Cities of India.

Background: COVID-19 has become a global pandemic, prompting lockdowns in practically every country. To prevent the spread of the disease, India has enforced a rigorous nationwide lockdown that commenced in March 2020. The lockdown imposed amid the pandemic ensured that most commercial activities and vehicle transportation ceased, resulting in a significant reduction in air pollution levels.

Waning of Antibody Response Among Vaccinees who Received Two Doses of Covishield Vaccine.

Introduction: There are limited data available on the long-term presence of SARS-CoV-2-specific binding antibodies and neutralizing antibodies in circulation among the elderly population. This study aims to examine levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in vaccines who have completed at least 6 months since the second vaccine dose. A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2021 to January 2022 among 199 vaccines aged 60 years and above residing in Belagavi city, who received two doses of the Covishield vaccine.

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Background: COVID-19 has resurfaced in India, where it is rapidly spreading and wreaking havoc in rural areas. An effort has been undertaken to assess the levels and patterns of COVID-19 active cases in the southern states of India. To trace and reason out anomalous trends in the COVID-19 curve so that particular actions such as lockdown, de-lockdown, and healthcare improvisation can be implemented at the appropriate time.

Growth Prediction of Under-5 Children Using Statistical Models for Eastern Region of India.

Background: Percentile curves are often used to assess variances in children's growth pattern. This study is aimed at explaining effect of the respondents' sociodemographic characteristics on under-5 children's birth weight and identifying most suitable models, out of 11 statistical models reviewed, for estimating children's growth in terms of height and weight of a given birth-weight category and obtain estimated growth curves.

Material And Methods: The study used National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-4 data from four Eastern States of India, consisting of 54,075 under-5 children.

Low Birth Weight, the Differentiating Risk Factor for Stunting among Preschool Children in India.

Background: The prevalence of low birth weight (LBW) is a major public health issue in India; however, the optimal growth pattern for such infants is not clear. The purpose of this study is to understand the causal association between LBW and stunting of preschool children in India. Methods: The National Family Health Survey-4 is a large cross-sectional survey based on a nationally representative sample of 699,686 women in the age group of 15−49 years and was conducted during 2015−2016 in India.

Growth Estimation of Under-Five Children Using Statistical Models in Central Region of India.

Background And Aims: To determine the suitability of 11 basic statistical models for estimating child-growth of under-five children and to bring-forth estimated growth curves for mean height & mean weight by their selected birth-weight categories for Central Region of India.

Methods: The study used fourth round of National Family Health Survey-4 (NFHS-4) data of India, consisting of 75,645 under-five children, belonging to 3 Indian States - Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh & Uttar Pradesh. The children of the Region were first divided into 4 sub categories according to their birth-weight: (i) < 2000 gm, (ii) 2000-2499 gm, (iii) 2500-2999 gm (iv) 3000+gm, growth curve for mean height and mean weight were estimated for two sexes.

Effect of wealth, social inequality, Mother's BMI, and education level on child malnutrition in India.

Background And Aims: The differences in prevalence of malnutrition are mostly on account of social factors. However, we did not find any published study that provided an estimate of proportion of stunting and underweight among under-5 children due to household economic conditions, social inequalities, mother's BMI and education level. Hence, study has taken to study the effect of household economic status, social inequality, mother's BMI and education on stunting and underweight among children under-5 years and its determinants.

Stunting, wasting and underweight as indicators of under-nutrition in under five children from developing Countries: A systematic review.

Background And Aims: To compute reliable estimates of stunting, wasting and underweight along with their determinants in under 5 children from Developing Countries.

Methods: Out of 190 studies on under-nutrition, accessed from PubMed and Google database, 24 studies meeting the selection criteria were considered for meta-analysis.

Results: Overall estimate of prevalence of stunting, wasting and underweight were 43.

Risk factors of diabetes and hypertension among women in Karnataka.

Background And Aims: The growth in prevalence of diabetes and hypertension has become a major health issue for women in Karnataka. In India, for the first time, the National Family Health Survey has collected information on diabetes and hypertension across the states within India (NFHS-4, 2015-16). Hence there is the need to estimate the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension among women and the associated risk factors using the national represented data.

COVID-19 pandemic and its average recovery time in Indian states.

Background: Many studies have been carried out in modelling COVID-19 pandemic. However, region-wise average duration of recovery from COVID-19 has not been attempted; hence, an effort has been made to estimate state-wise recovery duration of India's COVID-19 patients. Determining the recovery time in each region is intended to assist healthcare professionals in providing better care and planning of logistics.

Burden of increased blood glucose due to modifiable risk factors among men in India.

Background And Aims: Worldwide, many diabetes cases are occurring mainly due to lifestyle risk factors. Hence, to quantify and compare the attributable burden of key modifiable risk factors associated with increased Blood Glucose (BG) among Indian states and districts.

Methods: The study used the National Family Health Survey (2015-16) data to estimate Population Attributable Risk (PAR) for increased BG (>140 mg/dl) among men aged 15-54 years in 640 districts of 36 States/Union Territories (UTs), India.

Age at menopause in India: A systematic review.

Background And Aims: Menopause is a physiological process in nature and hence, variations in the age of menopause are not expected. Hence, the study was conducted with an objective to calculate the reliable estimates of age at menopause for India, and understand the differentials in women's age at menopause throughout the country.

Methods: A total of 202 studies of age at menopause, covering the period 2009-2020, were accessed from PubMed database and Google.

Trends in and determinants of neonatal and infant mortality in Nigeria based on Demographic and Health Survey data.

This study aimed to assess the changes in neonatal and infant mortality rates in Nigeria over the period 1990 to 2018 using Nigerian Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) data, and assess their socio-demographic determinants using data from the most recent survey conducted in 2018. The infant mortality rate was 87 per 1000 live births in 1990, and this increased to 100 per 1000 live births in 2003 - an increase of around 15% over 13 years. Neonatal and infant mortality rates started to decline steadily thereafter and continued to do so until 2013.

Increased blood glucose level following hysterectomy among reproductive women in India.

Background: In recent years, the hysterectomy, a surgical removal of the uterus, has received increased attention in health policy debates in India. The trigger for this was a series of media reports that highlighted an unusual surge in the number of women undergoing hysterectomies with a significant number of cases involving young and early menopausal women from low-income families. When menopause occurs as a result of hysterectomy, then the hormones such as estrogen and progesterone affect how the body cells respond to insulin.

Liver profile in COVID-19: a meta-analysis.

Background: Few studies have been performed to investigate multiorgan failure occurring with extrapulmonary symptoms like diarrhea, anorexia, and vomiting. There has been no attempt at a systematic review on this major health issue. Hence, in this study, a meta-analysis was undertaken to quantify the overall risk of liver damage in COVID-19 patients and also find the overall variation in risk outcome.