Arteriovenous malformations treated by stereotactic radiosurgery - Review of an Australian single centre's experience.

Linear accelerator (LINAC) stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a specialised treatment used for various brain conditions, including arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). This paper investigates the obliteration rate of AVMs treated by the LINAC-based facility at Prince of Wales Hospital, defines factors influencing obliteration rate, time to obliteration and complications post-SRS. A retrospective audit review of patient notes sourced from electronic medical records was conducted.

A Workshop and Toolkit to Support Late-Career Transitions for Faculty.

Introduction: Twenty percent of medical school faculty are 60 years or older. These senior-career academic faculty often find a paucity of support for decision-making about late-career transitions.

Methods: To help fill this professional development gap, we developed and tested an interactive workshop to facilitate deliberation and discussion among mid- and late-career faculty in various stages of career transition planning.

Impact of Maternal Leaf Supplementation on Milk and Serum Vitamin A and Carotenoid Concentrations in a Cohort of Breastfeeding Kenyan Women and Their Infants.

Childhood vitamin A deficiency leads to increased morbidity and mortality. Human milk is the only source of vitamin A for exclusively breastfed infants. Dried leaf powder (moringa) is a good food source of provitamin A and other carotenoids.

Associations between SARS-CoV-2 Infection or COVID-19 Vaccination and Human Milk Composition: A Multi-Omics Approach.

Background: The risk of contracting severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) via human milk-feeding is virtually nonexistent. Adverse effects of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination for lactating individuals are not different from the general population, and no evidence has been found that their infants exhibit adverse effects. Yet, there remains substantial hesitation among this population globally regarding the safety of these vaccines.

Leaders' Perspectives on Approaches and Challenges in Enacting Faculty Vitality in the Contemporary Landscape of Academic Medicine: A Deductive Thematic Analysis.

Continual changes in organizational structures within medical schools have contributed to the expanded scope and the centralization of faculty affairs offices, which support faculty administration and supportive functions. Using qualitative interviews, we investigated the perspectives of academic medicine faculty affairs leaders regarding their offices' priorities in sustaining faculty vitality in the face of current and anticipated challenges. A semi-structured interview protocol based on the researchers' practical knowledge, informed by the study's research inquiries, and pertinent academic literature guided the interviews.

Human Milk Cannabinoid Concentrations and Associations with Maternal Factors: The Lactation and Cannabis (LAC) Study.

As cannabis use increases among reproductive-aged women, there is a growing need to better understand the presence of cannabinoids in milk produced by women using cannabis. It is unclear how concentrations of cannabinoids such as delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ-THC) persist in milk after cannabis use and what factors contribute to variation in milk Δ-THC concentrations. Our objectives were to measure cannabinoids in human milk following cannabis abstention, after single and repeated instances of cannabis use, and identify factors contributing to concentration variation.

Scheduled and Breakthrough Opioid Use for Cancer Pain in an Inpatient Setting at a Tertiary Cancer Hospital.

: Our aim was to examine the frequency and prescription pattern of breakthrough (BTO) and scheduled (SCH) opioids and their ratio (BTO/SCH ratio) of use, prior to and after referral to an inpatient supportive care consult (SCC) for cancer pain management (CPM). : Patients admitted at the MD Anderson Cancer Center and referred to a SCC were retrospectively reviewed. Cancer patients receiving SCH and BTO opioids for ≥24 h were eligible for inclusion.

Maternal Cannabis Use during Lactation and Potential Effects on Human Milk Composition and Production: A Narrative Review.

Cannabis use has increased sharply in the last 20 y among adults, including reproductive-aged women. Its recent widespread legalization is associated with a decrease in risk perception of cannabis use during breastfeeding. However, the effect of cannabis use (if any) on milk production and milk composition is not known.

Cannabis use, decision making, and perceptions of risk among breastfeeding individuals: the Lactation and Cannabis (LAC) Study.

Objective: Our primary objective was to understand breastfeeding individuals' decisions to use cannabis. Specifically, we investigated reasons for cannabis use, experiences with healthcare providers regarding use, and potential concerns about cannabis use.

Methods: We collected survey data from twenty breastfeeding participants from Washington and Oregon who used cannabis at least once weekly.

Patient and Clinician Experiences With the Combination of Virtual and In-Person Chronic Kidney Disease Care Since the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Background: Following onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, chronic kidney disease (CKD) clinics in BC shifted from established methods of mostly in-person care delivery to virtual care (VC) and thereafter a hybrid of the two.

Objectives: To determine strengths, weaknesses, quality-of-care delivery, and key considerations associated with VC usage to inform optimal way(s) of integrating virtual and traditional methods of care delivery in multidisciplinary kidney clinics.

Design: Qualitative evaluation.

Interventions Targeting Depression and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in United States Black Women Experiencing Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review.

There is a dearth of evidence indicating the effectiveness of psychological interventions targeting depression and/or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) for Black women in the United States (US) exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV). We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EBSCOhost, Social Sciences, Social Sciences Full Text, Social Work Abstracts, and Cochrane databases between September 2021 and October 2022, for original studies of randomized control trials (RCTs) reporting depression and/or PTSD interventions delivered to US Black women with histories of IPV. Of the 1,276 articles, 46 were eligible and 8 RCTs were ultimately included in the review; interventions for depression (four interventions,  = 1,518) and PTSD (four interventions,  = 477).

Pain assessment & management decision-making in pediatric critical care.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to explore how nurses in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) reach their pain management decisions in children who are mechanically ventilated and chemically paralyzed.

Design And Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was used following a quantitative phase of a multi-method study. Eighteen PICU nurses participated in semi-structured interviews aiming at understanding how they assess pain and make management decisions.

Consistency checks to improve measurement with the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS).

Background: Mitigating rating inconsistency can improve measurement fidelity and detection of treatment response.

Methods: The International Society for CNS Clinical Trials and Methodology convened an expert Working Group that developed logical consistency (LC) checks for ratings of the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), which is widely used in studies of mood and bipolar disorders. LC and statistical outlier-response pattern checks (SC) were applied to 63,228 YMRS administrations from 14 clinical trials evaluating treatments for bipolar disorder.

Breastfeeding patterns are associated with human milk microbiome composition: The Mother-Infant Microbiomes, Behavior, and Ecology Study (MIMBES).

The human milk microbiome (HMM) is hypothesized to be seeded by multiple factors, including the infant oral microbiome during breastfeeding. However, it is not known whether breastfeeding patterns (e.g.

Human milk immune factors, maternal nutritional status, and infant sex: The INSPIRE study.

Objectives: Breastfeeding is an energetically costly and intense form of human parental investment, providing sole-source nutrition in early infancy and bioactive components, including immune factors. Given the energetic cost of lactation, milk factors may be subject to tradeoffs, and variation in concentrations have been explored utilizing the Trivers-Willard hypothesis. As human milk immune factors are critical to developing immune system and protect infants against pathogens, we tested whether concentrations of milk immune factors (IgA, IgM, IgG, EGF, TGFβ2, and IL-10) vary in response to infant sex and maternal condition (proxied by maternal diet diversity [DD] and body mass index [BMI]) as posited in the Trivers-Willard hypothesis and consider the application of the hypothesis to milk composition.

Comparing Top-Down Proteoform Identification: Deconvolution, PrSM Overlap, and PTM Detection.

Generating top-down tandem mass spectra (MS/MS) from complex mixtures of proteoforms benefits from improvements in fractionation, separation, fragmentation, and mass analysis. The algorithms to match MS/MS to sequences have undergone a parallel evolution, with both spectral alignment and match-counting approaches producing high-quality proteoform-spectrum matches (PrSMs). This study assesses state-of-the-art algorithms for top-down identification (ProSight PD, TopPIC, MSPathFinderT, and pTop) in their yield of PrSMs while controlling false discovery rate.

Ecologies, synergies, and biological systems shaping human milk composition-a report from "Breastmilk Ecology: Genesis of Infant Nutrition (BEGIN)" Working Group 2.

Human milk is universally recognized as the preferred food for infants during the first 6 mo of life because it provides not only essential and conditionally essential nutrients in necessary amounts but also other biologically active components that are instrumental in protecting, communicating important information to support, and promoting optimal development and growth in infants. Despite decades of research, however, the multifaceted impacts of human milk consumption on infant health are far from understood on a biological or physiological basis. Reasons for this lack of comprehensive knowledge of human milk functions are numerous, including the fact that milk components tend to be studied in isolation, although there is reason to believe that they interact.

Interrogating the role of the milk microbiome in mastitis in the multi-omics era.

There is growing interest in a functional understanding of milk-associated microbiota as there is ample evidence that host-associated microbial communities play an active role in host health and phenotype. Mastitis, characterized by painful inflammation of the mammary gland, is prevalent among lactating humans and agricultural animals and is associated with significant clinical and economic consequences. The etiology of mastitis is complex and polymicrobial and correlative studies have indicated alterations in milk microbial community composition.

The Patient-Provider Gap: A Cross-sectional Survey to Understand Barriers and Motivating Factors for Home Blood Pressure Monitoring in a CKD Cohort.

Background: Blood pressure (BP) management can decrease morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Evidence-based hypertension guidelines endorse home BP monitoring (HBPM), and the growing use of virtual health has highlighted the need for HBPM. A comprehensive understanding of HBPM adoption in our province is lacking.

Consistency checks to improve measurement with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A).

Background: Mitigating rating inconsistency can improve measurement fidelity and detection of treatment response.

Methods: The International Society for CNS Clinical Trials and Methodology convened an expert Working Group that developed consistency checks for ratings of the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and Clinical Global Impression of Severity of anxiety (CGIS) that are widely used in studies of mood and anxiety disorders. Flags were applied to 40,349 HAM-A administrations from 15 clinical trials and to Monte Carlo-simulated data as a proxy for applying flags under conditions of inconsistency.