Surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement using a hybrid gold nanoparticles@carbon nanodot substrate for herbicide detection.

The widespread distribution of herbicides in the environment poses a significant risk to human health and wildlife. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has emerged as a powerful technique for detecting and analyzing herbicides. However, developing a low-cost, highly sensitive, reproducible, stable, and Raman-active nanostructured substrate for herbicide detection remains a particular challenge.