Inequities in childhood cancer research: A scoping review.

An integral part of understanding and then designing programs to reduce childhood cancer inequities includes adequate representation of people with cancer in research, including children. A scoping review was carried out to understand how cancer research is oriented toward inequities and to identify who has participated in childhood qualitative cancer research. A systematic search identified 119 qualitative studies that met inclusion criteria, with most studies taking place in high-income countries (n=84).

Adapting an intervention to support young caregivers of cancer survivors: A study protocol.

Introduction: Of the family members providing care, in the United States over 5.4 million are young people (<18 years of age) and they are the caregivers receiving the least support overall. Given the need to support cancer survivors through a family-centered practice approach, this lack of support and intervention for young caregivers represents a substantial gap in cancer care.

Convergence of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy: Updates on OTJR's Occupational Science Section.

Established in 2019, OTJR's Occupational Science Section provides a dedicated venue for showcasing empirical occupational science research and fostering translation of that research into occupational therapy practices. In this invited commentary, the first and second Associate Editors of the Occupational Science Section reflect on its early growth, connecting the foci of the Occupational Science Section to topics discussed at selected occupational science and occupational therapy conferences in 2022. The commentary concludes with a discussion of future possibilities for the Occupational Science Section as it moves forward.

Advancing Youth Participation to Inform Equitable Health Policy Comment on "Between Rhetoric and Reality: Learnings From Youth Participation in the Adolescent and Youth Health Policy in South Africa".

In their published study, Jacobs and George examine how youth participation was enabled to advance the Adolescent and Youth Health Policy (AYHP) in South Africa. Using an expanded and adapted conceptual framework of youth participation to inform their work, their findings center on the complexities of youth participation including enablers and the challenges experienced in the South African context. Building upon their foundational work, in this commentary we suggest further insights for consideration to advance youth participation to inform equitable health policies, including the inclusion of youth with intersecting identities and critical reflection to further advance the adapted conceptual framework.

Inclusion of children with disabilities in qualitative health research: A scoping review.

Background: Children with disabilities have the right to participate in health research so their priorities, needs, and experiences are included. Health research based primarily on adult report risks misrepresenting children with disabilities and their needs, and contributes to exclusion and a lack of diversity in the experiences being captured. Prioritizing the participation of children with disabilities enhances the relevance, meaningfulness, and impact of research.

What is the state of children's participation in qualitative research on health interventions?: a scoping study.

Background: Children are the focus of numerous health interventions throughout the world, yet the extent of children's meaningful participation in research that informs the adaptation, implementation, and evaluation of health interventions is not known. We examine the type, extent, and meaningfulness of children's participation in research in qualitative health intervention research.

Method: A scoping study was conducted of qualitative published research with children (ages 6-11 years) carried out as part of health intervention research.

Self-Efficacy for Managing Injury After Distal Radius Fracture: A Mixed Methods Exploration.

Self-efficacy for managing injury may contribute to variation in clients' support needs after distal radius fracture (DRF). This study aimed to (a) explore associations between self-efficacy for managing injury and self-reported health and (b) compare qualitative descriptions of the self-management process and outcome between high and low self-efficacy groups. In this cross-sectional convergent mixed methods study, 31 adults aged 45 to 72 with a unilateral DRF completed patient-reported outcome measures and a semi-structured interview 2 to 4 weeks after discontinuing full-time wrist immobilization.

Unreported and unaddressed: Students with disabilities experience of school violence in Zambia.

Background: Violence against school children is a prevalent global issue. Despite the high prevalence of school violence in Zambia, there is limited research on students with disabilities' experiences of school violence.

Objectives: Guided by the socio-ecological model for bullying, the aim of this study was to understand students with disabilities' experiences of school violence in the Lusaka and Southern provinces of Zambia.

Will You Protect Me or Make the Situation Worse?: Teachers' Responses to School Violence Against Students With Disabilities.

School violence is a global public health epidemic, with students with disabilities at a significantly greater risk than their non-disabled peers. Students with disabilities are more vulnerable to school violence from peers, teachers, and school staff due to stereotypes and prejudice. Teachers are pivotal in preventing violence and intervening, but literature on the role that teachers play in responding to disability-based violence is limited.

Art Activities in Long-Term Care: A Scoping Review.

Outcomes of using art in therapy overlap with goals of occupational therapy with older adults in long-term care, which include improving and maintaining health and well-being through engagement in occupations. There is a lack of evidence about how art activities could complement or inform occupational therapy. The purpose of this scoping review is to map existing literature about how art activities are used in long-term care.

A Call to the Front: Occupational Therapy Practice in Addressing School Bullying.

Students with disabilities are more likely to be bullied at school than nondisabled students. This study aimed to understand occupational therapists' practices and roles in addressing bullying against students with disabilities. An electronic survey was distributed in the United States to school-based occupational therapists to collect information on roles, practices, and barriers in addressing bullying.

"The Strength to Leave": Women With Disabilities Navigating Violent Relationships and Occupational Identities.

Importance: Being in an intimate relationship is a desired occupation for many people, in particular for women living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where relationships can provide material support, intimacy, and social integration and increase chances of survival.

Objective: To explore accounts of navigating intimate relationships from women with disabilities in Sierra Leone.

Design: A qualitative study was conducted, guided by a critical occupational approach and informed by feminist disability scholarship.

"I didn't know what I could do": Behaviors, knowledge and beliefs, and social facilitation after distal radius fracture.

Background: Biomedical models have limitations in explaining and predicting recovery after distal radius fracture (DRF). Variation in recovery after DRF may be related to patients' behaviors and beliefs, factors that can be framed using a lens of self-management. We conceptualized the self-management process using social cognitive theory as reciprocal interactions between behaviors, knowledge and beliefs, and social facilitation.

Transitioning from hurting to healing: self-management after distal radius fracture.

Purpose: Chronic pain and disability after musculoskeletal trauma support the need for non-biomedical perspectives to frame experiences of recovery. Self-management is a specific holistic lens with implications for improving health outcomes. This qualitative study explored how adults made meaning of self-management after distal radius fracture (DRF).

Becoming Anti-Racist Occupational Therapy Practitioners: A Scoping Study.

The ongoing racism pandemic in the United States negatively impacts the health, safety, and occupations of Black, Indigenous, and/or People of Color. Although occupational therapy (OT) practitioners have a pressing obligation to actively address racism's causes and consequences, they lack guidance on what to do. This scoping study sought to identify and synthesize existing knowledge on ways OT practitioners and the profession can engage in anti-racist actions.

Youth participatory research evidence to inform health policy: a systematic review protocol.

Introduction: Young people's participation in health research produces knowledge that is indispensable for creating appropriate and effective policies. However, how best to disseminate youth participatory research evidence to impact health policy is not known. Therefore, the objectives of this systematic review are to describe the evidence produced through youth participatory research, including the strategies used to disseminate youth participatory research evidence to health policymakers.

Establishing an international laboratory network for neglected tropical diseases: Understanding existing capacity in five WHO regions.

Limited laboratory capacity is a significant bottleneck in meeting global targets for the control and elimination of neglected tropical diseases (NTD). Laboratories are essential for providing clinical data and monitoring data about the status and changes in NTD prevalence, and for detecting early drug resistance. Currently NTD laboratory networks are informal and specialist laboratory expertise is not well publicised, making it difficult to share global expertise and provide training, supervision, and quality assurance for NTD diagnosis and research.

"A child who is hidden has no rights": Responses to violence against children with disabilities.

Background: There is an urgent need to understand how best to prevent and respond to violence against children with disabilities as they are at a high risk for violence because they are marginalized, isolated, and targeted and have little power within their communities.

Objective: Guided by social-ecological theory, this study explores responses to violence against children with disabilities, including preventative measures and treatment of victims in the West African countries of Guinea, Niger, Sierra Leone, and Togo.

Participants: Participants were recruited using purposive and snowball sampling from the following three groups: disability stakeholders including representatives from local, national, and international organizations and governments; community members including parents, teachers, and leaders; and children with disabilities.

Addressing HIV in Zambia through traditional games.

There has been a proliferation of organizations in Zambia touting the mobilization of traditional games as a tool to prevent HIV. However, there is a dearth of evidence on how culturally important activities like traditional games are being incorporated into programing. The purpose of this study was to explore how traditional games are used as a strategy to prevent HIV in Zambia.

Realization of the rights of persons with disabilities in Rwanda.

This scoping study assessed the realization of the rights for persons with disabilities in Rwanda since the signing of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN CRPD) in 2008. Underpinned by the five-stage framework of Arksey and O'Malley, the scoping study examined peer-reviewed literature published between 2008 and 2017. Nine electronic databases were searched using keywords specific to disability in Rwanda.

From the day they are born: a qualitative study exploring violence against children with disabilities in West Africa.

Background: Despite the building evidence on violence against children globally, almost nothing is known about the violence children with disabilities in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) experience. The prevalence of violence against children with disabilities can be expected to be higher in LMICs where there are greater stigmas associated with having a child with a disability, less resources for families who have children with disabilities, and wider acceptance of the use of corporal punishment to discipline children. This study explores violence experienced by children with disabilities based on data collected from four countries in West Africa- Guinea, Niger, Sierra Leone, and Togo.

Promoting sustainable research partnerships: a mixed-method evaluation of a United Kingdom-Africa capacity strengthening award scheme.

Background: Research partnerships between high-income countries (HICs) and low- or middle-income countries (LMICs) are a leading model in research capacity strengthening activities. Although numerous frameworks and guiding principles for effective research partnerships exist, few include the perspective of the LMIC partner. This paper draws out lessons for establishing and maintaining successful research collaborations, based on partnership dynamics, from the perspectives of both HIC and LMIC stakeholders through the evaluation of a research capacity strengthening partnership award scheme.