Breastfeeding supports growth in small for gestational age infants: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aim: Small for gestational age is defined as birthweight <10th percentile on standardised age and sex-specific growth charts. Rapid catch-up growth seen post-natal is associated with adiposity and cardiometabolic syndromes later in life. Breastfeeding has positive effects on growth in premature and low-birthweight infants.

Canadian Midwives' Experiences with Nutrition in Their Training and Practice: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Introduction: Midwives are primary prenatal care providers well-positioned to offer nutrition advice to pregnant individuals; however, no Canadian study has assessed midwives' experience with nutrition education. The objective of this study was to investigate Canadian midwives' experiences with nutrition in their practice, their level of nutrition education, and their recommendations on select nutrition topics.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used an anonymous online survey consisting of 4 sections: demographics, opinions on the importance of nutrition, nutrition recommendations for pregnancy, and nutrition topics that midwives would like more information on.

Malnutrition risk, outcomes, and costs among older adults undergoing elective surgical procedures: A retrospective cohort study.

Background: We examine here the association between malnutrition risk and adverse health outcomes among older adult patients undergoing elective surgical procedures.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective study using linked clinical and administrative databases. Malnutrition risk was assessed prior to surgery, defined by unintentional weight loss and decreased food intake.

Nutrition implications of intrinsic restrictive lung disease.

Restrictive lung disease is defined as a reduction in lung volume that may be due to intraparenchymal or extraparenchymal causes. Intraparenchymal causes falls under the umbrella term of interstitial lung disease (ILD) and includes idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. This manuscript provides an overview of ILD and can be beneficial for all clinicians working with patients with ILD.

Understanding the Need for Tools and Resources to Manage Enteral Nutrition Intolerance: An On-line Survey.

Enteral nutrition intolerance (ENI) is a common complication among tube-fed patients, associated with reduced volumes of nutrition delivered, and may contribute to malnutrition risk. This research aimed to obtain insights about dietitians' needs and preferences related to tools and resources to help identify and manage ENI. An online survey was administered to registered dietitians (RD) engaged in enteral nutrition (EN) management, recruited from a list of attendees at a national webinar.

Exercise capacity and its relationship with body composition and nutrition status in patients with interstitial lung disease.

Background: Patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) are known to have diminished exercise ability. This study aimed to explore the relationship between nutrition status and body composition parameters with exercise capacity in ILD patients. A second aim focused on assessing the appropriateness of surrogate markers of nutrition status in ILD patients.

Fat-Free Mass Index Controlled for Age and Sex and Malnutrition Are Predictors of Survival in Interstitial Lung Disease.

Background: Literature focusing on nutritional variables and survival in interstitial lung disease (ILD) is limited by its focus on weight and BMI and has not considered body composition.

Objectives: The primary objective of this study was to examine whether body composition measures, specifically fat-free mass index z-score (z-FFMI) and body fat mass index z-score (z-BFMI), were predictors of survival in fibrotic ILD patients. The second objective was to examine if nutrition status was a predictor of survival.

Exploring Attitudes, Subjective Norms and Perceived Behavioural Control in a Genetic-Based and a Population-Based Weight Management Intervention: A One-Year Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Several studies demonstrate that the provision of personalized lifestyle advice, based on genetics, can help motivate individuals to engage in greater nutrition and physical activity changes compared to the provision of population-based advice. The theoretical mechanism behind this phenomenon is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of providing genetically tailored and population-based lifestyle advice on key constructs of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB).

Enhanced long-term dietary change and adherence in a nutrigenomics-guided lifestyle intervention compared to a population-based (GLB/DPP) lifestyle intervention for weight management: results from the NOW randomised controlled trial.

Background: Adherence to nutritional guidelines for chronic disease prevention and management remains a challenge in clinical practice. Innovative strategies are needed to help optimise dietary behaviour change.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if a nutrigenomics-guided lifestyle intervention programme could be used to motivate greater dietary adherence and change in dietary intake short-term, moderate-term and long-term compared to the gold-standard population-based weight management intervention (Group Lifestyle Balance (GLB)/Diabetes Prevention Programme (DPP)).

Can a Lifestyle Genomics Intervention Motivate Patients to Engage in Greater Physical Activity than a Population-Based Intervention? Results from the NOW Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Lifestyle genomics (LGx) is a science that explores interactions between genetic variation, lifestyle components such as physical activity (PA), and subsequent health- and performance-related outcomes. The objective of this study was to determine whether an LGx intervention could motivate enhanced engagement in PA to a greater extent than a population-based intervention.

Methods: In this pragmatic randomized controlled trial, participants received either the standard, population-based Group Lifestyle BalanceTM (GLB) program intervention or the GLB program in addition to the provision of LGx information and advice (GLB + LGx).

Change in Weight, BMI, and Body Composition in a Population-Based Intervention Versus Genetic-Based Intervention: The NOW Trial.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare changes in body fat percentage (BFP), weight, and BMI between a standard intervention and a nutrigenomics intervention.

Methods: The Nutrigenomics, Overweight/Obesity and Weight Management (NOW) trial is a parallel-group, pragmatic, randomized controlled clinical trial incorporated into the Group Lifestyle Balance (GLB) Program. Statistical analyses included two-way ANOVA and split-plot ANOVA.

Assessing the effectiveness of actionable nutrigenomics and lifestyle genomics interventions for weight management in clinical practice: A critical, scoping review with directions for future research.

Background: The use of nutrigenomics and lifestyle genomics in clinical practice has the potential to optimize weight-related outcomes for patients.

Aim: A scoping review was conducted to summarize and evaluate the current body of knowledge related to the effectiveness of providing DNA-based lifestyle advice on weight-related outcomes, with the aim of providing direction for future research.

Method: Primary studies were included if they were written in English, evaluated weight-related and/or body mass index and/or body composition outcomes, and provided participants with an actionable genetic-based lifestyle intervention; interventions that only provided information on genetic risk for diseases/conditions were excluded.

Assessing the Validity of the Past-Month, Online Canadian Diet History Questionnaire II Pre and Post Nutrition Intervention.

Dietary intake tools are used in epidemiological and interventional studies to estimate nutritional intake. The past-month Canadian Diet History Questionnaire II (CDHQII) has not yet been validated. This study aimed to assess the validity of the CDHQII in adults by comparing dietary results from the CDHQII to the same participants' 24-h recalls consisting of two weekdays and one weekend day.

Study protocol of a pragmatic randomized controlled trial incorporated into the Group Lifestyle Balance™ program: the nutrigenomics, overweight/obesity and weight management trial (the NOW trial).

Background: The nutrigenomics, overweight/obesity and weight management trial (NOW Trial) is a pragmatic randomized controlled trial of community-dwelling adults recruited from the Group Lifestyle Balance™ (GLB™) Program. The GLB™ Program (formerly referred to as the Diabetes Prevention Program) is an evidence-based, intensive weight management program, which was offered to overweight/obese patients (BMI ≥ 25.0 kg/m) in a rural Ontario community.

Is phase angle an appropriate indicator of malnutrition in different disease states? A systematic review.

Background & Aims: Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) classifies malnutrition severity via a simple bedside assessment. Phase angle (PhA) is an indicator of cell integrity and has been suggested to be indicator of nutritional status.

Objective: To explore the relationship between PhA and SGA.

Incorporating the 'Theory of Planned Behavior' into personalized healthcare behavior change research: a call to action.

The 'Theory of Planned Behavior' (TPB) has been tested and validated in the scientific literature across multiple disciplines and is arguably the most widely accepted theory among behavior change academics. Despite this widespread acceptability, the TPB has yet to be incorporated into personalized healthcare behavior change research. Several prominent personalized healthcare researchers suggest that personalizing healthcare recommendations have a positive impact on changes in lifestyle habits.

A Systematic Review of Genetic Testing and Lifestyle Behaviour Change: Are We Using High-Quality Genetic Interventions and Considering Behaviour Change Theory?

Background: Studying the impact of genetic testing interventions on lifestyle behaviour change has been a priority area of research in recent years. Substantial heterogeneity exists in the results and conclusions of this literature, which has yet to be explained using validated behaviour change theory and an assessment of the quality of genetic interventions. The theory of planned behaviour (TPB) helps to explain key contributors to behaviour change.

Sarcopenia in liver transplantation: A review.

Background & Aims: The most recent definition of sarcopenia includes the presence of both low skeletal muscle mass and low skeletal muscle function. As sarcopenia has been associated with numerous poor outcomes in the general surgical population, investigation into its presence in the liver transplantation population is warranted. This review aims to synthesize the available data regarding sarcopenia and liver transplantation.

Proton-pump inhibitor therapy and vitamin B status in an inpatient hospital setting.

The risk for impaired vitamin B status increases with age, as does the use of proton pump inhibitors (PPI). Long-term use of PPIs is associated with several nutritional deficiencies including B. Currently, there are no recommendations for B screening among patients taking PPIs.

A Comprehensive Review of the Literature Supporting Recommendations From the Canadian Diabetes Association for the Use of a Plant-Based Diet for Management of Type 2 Diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is considered one of the fastest growing diseases in Canada, representing a serious public health concern. Thus, clinicians have begun targeting modifiable risk factors to manage type 2 diabetes, including dietary patterns such as a plant-based diets (PBDs). The Canadian Diabetes Association has included PBDs among the recommended dietary patterns to be used in medical nutrition therapy for persons with type 2 diabetes.