Publications by authors named "Janet K Coller"

Background & Aims: Optimizing treatment efficacy is still a critical part in advancing the treatment of breast cancer. Dietary interventions have drawn significant attention for their potential to increase tumor sensitivity, with a plethora of strategies evaluated both preclinically and clinically. The aim of this paper is to explore these strategies, ranging from entire dietary programs to specific supplements, for their potential to directly enhance tumor sensitivity and chemotherapy adherence.

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Background: Whole-blood therapeutic drug monitoring of tacrolimus is conducted to maintain tacrolimus concentrations within a safe and effective range. Changes in hematocrit cause variability in blood concentrations of tacrolimus because it is highly bound to erythrocytes. Measuring plasma concentrations may eliminate this variability; however, current methods have limitations owing to the use of cross-reactive immunoassays, plasma separation at nonbiological temperatures, and lack of clinical validation.

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Adverse effects are a common consequence of cytotoxic cancer treatments. Over the last two decades there have been significant advances in exploring the relationship between the gut microbiome and these adverse effects. Changes in the gut microbiome were shown in multiple clinical studies to be associated with the development of acute gastrointestinal adverse effects, including diarrhoea and mucositis.

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Article Synopsis
  • This study investigates the adverse effects of fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy and aims to identify genetic and non-genetic predictors of these side effects.
  • Researchers analyzed genomic DNA for 25 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and collected demographic and treatment data from 155 Australian participants.
  • Results showed associations between multiple genetic and non-genetic predictors with various adverse effects, particularly highlighting diarrhea as the most common severe side effect, and suggest further research is needed to understand these predictors' clinical significance.
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Introduction: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has attracted interest due to its role in chemotherapy-induced gastrointestinal inflammation. This structural study aimed to provide in silico rational of the recognition and potential binding of TLR4 ligands IAXO-102, TAK-242, and SN-38 (the toxic metabolite of the chemotherapeutic irinotecan hydrochloride), which could contribute to rationale development of therapeutic anti-inflammation drugs targeting TLR4 in the gastrointestinal tract.

Methods: In silico docking was performed between the human TLR4-MD-2 complex and ligands (IAXO-102, TAK-242, SN-38) using Autodock Vina, setting the docking grids to cover either the upper or the lower bound of TLR4.

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Introduction: Gastrointestinal mucositis (GIM) is a side effect of high-dose irinotecan (CPT-11), causing debilitating symptoms that are often poorly managed. The role of TLR4 in the development of GIM has been clearly demonstrated. We, therefore, aimed to investigate the potential of the TLR4 antagonist, IAXO-102, to attenuate gastrointestinal inflammation as well as supress tumour activity in a colorectal-tumour-bearing mouse model of GIM induced by CPT-11.

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Activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been shown to be a major influence on the inflammatory signalling pathways in intestinal mucositis (IM), as demonstrated by TLR4 knock-out mice. Pharmacological TLR4 inhibition has thus been postulated as a potential new therapeutic approach for the treatment of IM but specific TLR4 inhibitors have yet to be investigated. As such, we aimed to determine whether direct TLR4 antagonism prevents inflammation in pre-clinical experimental models of IM.

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Purpose: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is increasingly recognized for its ability to govern the etiology and prognostic outcomes of colorectal cancer (CRC) due to its profound immunomodulatory capacity. Despite widespread interest in TLR4 and CRC, no clear analysis of current literature and data exists. Therefore, translational advances have failed to move beyond conceptual ideas and suggestions.

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Introduction: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a highly conserved immunosurveillance protein of innate immunity, displaying well-established roles in homeostasis and intestinal inflammation. Current evidence shows complex relationships between TLR4 activation, maintenance of health, and disease progression; however, it commonly overlooks the importance of site-specific TLR4 expression. This omission has the potential to influence translation of results as previous evidence shows the differing and distinct roles that TLR4 exhibits are dependent on its spatiotemporal expression.

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Purpose: Irinotecan can cause high levels of diarrhea caused by toxic injury to the gastrointestinal microenvironment. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the gut microbiome have previously been implicated in gastrointestinal toxicity and diarrhea; however, the link between these two factors has not been definitively determined. We used a tumor-bearing, intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) TLR4 knockout model (Tlr4) to assess microbiome changes following irinotecan treatment.

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Gulf War illness (GWI) encompasses a constellation of persistent debilitating symptoms associated with significant changes in central nervous system (CNS) and immune functioning. Currently, there is no validated biomarker for GWI risk susceptibility. Given the impact of immune responses linked to GWI symptomology, genetic variability that causes persistent inflammatory/immune alterations may be key.

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The Boston University-based Gulf War Illness Consortium (GWIC) is a multidisciplinary initiative developed to provide detailed understanding of brain and immune alterations that underlie Gulf War illness (GWI), the persistent multisymptom disorder associated with military service in the 1990-1991 Gulf War. The core GWIC case-control clinical study conducted in-depth brain and immune evaluation of 269 Gulf War veterans (223 GWI cases, 46 controls) at three U.S.

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Gastrointestinal inflammation is a hallmark of highly prevalent disorders, including cancer treatment-induced mucositis and ulcerative colitis. These disorders cause debilitating symptoms, have a significant impact on quality of life, and are poorly managed. The activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been proposed to have a major influence on the inflammatory signalling pathways of the intestinal tract.

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Aims: Long-term use of the immunosuppressant tacrolimus is limited by nephrotoxicity. Following renal transplantation, the risk of nephrotoxicity may be determined more by allograft than by blood tacrolimus concentrations, and thus may be affected by donor CYP3A5 and ABCB1 genetics. Little is known regarding factors that determine tacrolimus intrarenal exposure.

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Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a highly conserved protein of innate immunity, responsible for the regulation and maintenance of homeostasis, as well as immune recognition of external and internal ligands. TLR4 is expressed on a variety of cell types throughout the gastrointestinal tract, including on epithelial and immune cell populations. In a healthy state, epithelial cell expression of TLR4 greatly assists in homeostasis by shaping the host microbiome, promoting immunoglobulin A production, and regulating follicle-associated epithelium permeability.

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Small molecule receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (SM-TKIs) are among a group of targeted cancer therapies, intended to be more specific to cancer cells compared with treatments, such as chemotherapy, hence reducing adverse events. Unfortunately, many patients report high levels of diarrhea, the pathogenesis of which remains under investigation. In this article, we compare the current state of knowledge of the pathogenesis of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (CID) in comparison to SM-TKI-induced diarrhea, and investigate how a similar research approach in both areas may be beneficial.

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Background: Innate immunity contributes to acute rejection after kidney transplantation. Genetic polymorphisms affecting innate immunity may therefore influence patients' risk of rejection. -330T > G, -1082G > A, -819C > T, and -592C > A, and -308G > A are not associated with acute rejection incidence in Caucasian kidney transplant recipients receiving a calcineurin inhibitor, ciclosporin or tacrolimus (TAC).

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Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a lifelong inflammatory bowel disease characterized by periods of intense colonic inflammation leading to debilitating symptoms. Delivery methods of current UC treatments are suboptimal and associated with side effects. Silica particles are a potential alternative delivery method for UC therapeutics, given their promising drug-loading and safety profiles.

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Article Synopsis
  • This study aimed to update clinical guidelines for preventing and treating gastrointestinal mucositis (GIM) in cancer patients.
  • The Mucositis Study Group conducted a systematic review of 78 papers, ultimately including 25 in their final assessment, but found no new guidelines due to inadequate evidence.
  • The existing recommendations for probiotics and hyperbaric oxygen therapy remain unchanged, and further research is needed for other potential treatments like palifermin and glutamine.
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Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates the relationship between trough whole blood tacrolimus concentration (TAC C0) and acute kidney rejection in transplant recipients, focusing on the timing and variability of hematocrit levels.
  • Data was collected from 38 recipients who experienced biopsy-proven acute rejection, analyzing daily TAC C0 levels over the days leading to rejection.
  • Results showed a significant correlation between lower TAC C0 and acute rejection episodes, particularly when accounting for hematocrit variation, suggesting that TAC C0 may be a reliable predictor of rejection when properly monitored.
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This study investigated the effect of recipient and donor genetic variability on dose-adjusted steady-state tacrolimus concentrations (C ) and clinical outcomes 3 and 6 months after liver transplant. Twenty-nine recipients and matched donor blood samples were genotyped for 27 single nucleotide polymorphisms including CYP3A5*3 (rs776746), ABCB1 haplotype and immune genes. Associations between genetic variability and clinical parameters and C and the occurrence of rejection and nephrotoxicity were analysed by multivariate and multinomial logistic regression modelling and Jonckheere-Terpstra tests examined the impact of combined donor/recipient CYP3A5 expression on C .

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The immunosuppressant cyclosporin is a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) substrate whose impaired function has been associated with an increased risk of cyclosporin-induced nephrotoxicity following renal transplantation. This study investigated the relationship between blood and allograft cyclosporin concentration, and the effect of P-gp expression. Fifty biopsy samples were obtained from 39 renal transplant recipients who received cyclosporin as part of maintenance immunosuppression.

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Background: CYP3A4/5 and P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1) affect tacrolimus (TAC) exposure in T cells and kidney cells. Genetic variability of these genes has been widely studied for effects on acute rejection and kidney function after transplantation, but findings remain contradictory. In addition, cytochrome P450 reductase (POR) is important for CYP3A4/5 activity, and the pregnane X receptor (NR1I2) regulates CYP3A4/5 and P-gp expression.

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Purpose: Severe gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity is a common adverse effect following 5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-based chemotherapy treatment. The presence of severe GI toxicity leads to treatment revisions, sub-optimal therapy outcomes, and decreases to patients' quality of life. There are no adequate predictors for 5-FU-induced severe GI toxicity risk.

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