Effect of elective inguinal hernia repair on urinary symptom burden in men.

Background: Our study sought to examine the prevalence of urinary symptoms in men undergoing hernia repair and whether there is an association between symptoms and short-term outcomes.

Methods: This is a prospective cohort study of male veterans consenting to inguinal hernia repair. The American Urological Association Symptom Score (AUASS) was administered preoperatively at 48 hours and again at 30 days after surgery.

National trends in hospitalization from indwelling urinary catheter complications, 2001-2010.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate national trends in hospitalization from indwelling urinary catheters complications from 2001 to 2010.

Materials And Methods: The Healthcare Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample database was analyzed for this study. We examine hospitalization rates, patient demographics, hospital stays, insurance provider, hospital type, geographic location, and septicemia rates of patients hospitalized for indwelling urinary catheter complications from 2001 to 2010.

Retrograde renal cooling to minimize ischemia.

Objective: During partial nephrectomy, renal hypothermia has been shown to decrease ischemia induced renal damage which occurs from renal hilar clamping. In this study we investigate the infusion rate required to safely cool the entire renal unit in a porcine model using retrograde irrigation of iced saline via dual-lumen ureteral catheter.

Materials And Methods: Renal cortical, renal medullary, bowel and rectal temperatures during retrograde cooling in a laparoscopic porcine model were monitored in six renal units.

Efficacy of adding behavioural treatment or antimuscarinic drug therapy to α-blocker therapy in men with nocturia.

Unlabelled: WHAT'S KNOWN ON THE SUBJECT? AND WHAT DOES THE STUDY ADD?: Nocturia is a common and bothersome lower urinary tract symptom, particularly in men. Many single drug therapies have limited benefit. For men who have persistent nocturia despite alpha-blocker therapy, the addition of behavioural and exercise therapy is statistically superior to anticholinergic therapy.

Protective effects of reducing renal ischemia-reperfusion injury during renal hilar clamping: use of allopurinol as a nephroprotective agent.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between renal ischemia injury and concentrations of 8-isoprostane in a rat kidney model during renal hilar clamping and their correlation with the administration of allopurinol before clamping.

Materials And Methods: Reperfusion injury occurs after the reintroduction of blood flow after a prolonged period of ischemia. Thought to be due to oxygen free radicals released by the endothelial, mitochondrial, and parenchymal cells, this process leads to a cascade of events whereby infiltrative leukocytes generate cytokines and reactive oxygen species.

Underutilization of partial nephrectomy for stage T1 renal cell carcinoma in the United States, trends from 2000 to 2008. A long way to go.

Introduction: Recent American Urologic Association Guidelines for small renal masses recommend partial nephrectomy for surgical treatment of T1 renal masses to preserve renal function and minimize cardiovascular comorbidities. This procedure is performed more often than in the past, after the technical issues of hemorrhage, fistula, and technique evolved. We reviewed the trends, practice patterns, and application of partial nephrectomy for T1 renal cell carcinoma in the United States from 2000 to 2008, before the American Urologic Association Guidelines.

Robotic urologic reconstructive procedures.

Purpose Of Review: This review provides an overview of reconstructive robotic procedures in urology. Recently, robotic surgeons have described techniques in urologic reconstruction. We summarize the literature regarding outcomes and surgical steps for robotic pyeloplasty, robotic ureteral neocystostomy with ureteral reimplantation and robotic ureteroureterostomy/ureterolithotomy.

Behavioral versus drug treatment for overactive bladder in men: the Male Overactive Bladder Treatment in Veterans (MOTIVE) Trial.

Objectives: To compare the effectiveness of behavioral treatment with that of antimuscarinic therapy in men without bladder outlet obstruction who continue to have overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms with alpha-blocker therapy.

Design: The Male Overactive Bladder Treatment in Veterans (MOTIVE) Trial was a two-site randomized, controlled, equivalence trial with 4-week alpha-blocker run-in.

Setting: Veterans Affairs Medical Center outpatient clinics.

Isoprostane: quantitation of renal ischemia and reperfusion injury after renal artery clamping in an animal model.

Background And Purpose: Laparoscopic and robotic partial nephrectomy involves temporary clamping of the renal artery, making the kidney susceptible to ischemic damage. Isoprostane represents one potential marker of oxidative injury. The objective was to determine if renal interstitial isoprostane levels can quantitate renal damage secondary to warm ischemia.

Does urological cancer mortality increase with low population density of physicians?

Purpose: We examined the association between urological cancer mortality rates and the presence of physicians. We hypothesized that cancer mortality rates increase with a low physician population density since this would decrease the detection of cancers at an early stage.

Materials And Methods: Mortality rates for prostate cancer, bladder cancer, kidney and renal pelvis cancer, and cancer at all sites for white patients in United States counties from 2003 to 2007 were obtained from the National Vital Statistics System.

Bladder neck closure and suprapubic catheter placement as definitive management of neurogenic bladder.

Objective: Surgical management for neurogenic bladder may require abandonment of the native urethra due to intractable urinary incontinence, irreparable urethral erosion, severe scarring from previous transurethral procedures, or urethrocutaneous fistula. In these patients, bladder neck closure (BNC) excludes the native urethra and provides continence while preserving the antireflux mechanism of the native ureters. This procedure is commonly combined with ileovesicostomy or continent catheterizable stoma, with or without augmentation enterocystoplasty.

Population densities in relation to bladder cancer mortality rates in America from 1950 to 1994.

Objective: Previous studies have reported that bladder cancer risks are elevated in industrial and urban areas. The cause is believed to be the result of occupational exposure from industries located in urban areas. Recent studies suggest that traffic air pollution may also increase bladder cancer risks.

Urothelial cancers after renal transplantation.

Objective: After solid organ transplantation, risk of cancer varies significantly based on cancer type. In this study, we determine the incidence of urothelial cancers (bladder and kidney) after renal transplantation from a single high-volume transplantation institution. In addition, we analyze the risk factors and review outcomes from the patients.

The effect of prostate cancer screening on stage IV disease in America.

Objective: Some studies have found that prostate cancer (PCa) screening provides little or no change in PCa-related mortality during the 7-10 years following diagnoses. However, most men are diagnosed with PCa at low-stage disease and die of unrelated causes during this period. Men diagnosed at stage IV are at much higher risk of dying of the disease.

Characterizing changes in kidney and renal pelvis cancer incidence from 1998 to 2006 in the United States.

In this study, we characterize the changes in kidney and renal pelvis cancer (RCC) from 1998 to 2006 in the United States. The goal is to examine variations in stage and treatments. In addition, we explore changes in risk factors that have occurred over the same period.

Surgical factors affecting return of renal function after partial nephrectomy.

Introduction: Nephron-sparing surgery is becoming the standard treatment for small renal tumors. In this study, we investigate the relationship between operative factors and recovery of renal function after partial nephrectomy.

Methods: Records of 141 partial nephrectomy patients at the University of Alabama Medical Center at Birmingham between 1999 and 2008 were reviewed retrospectively.

A simple method for estimating the optimum number of prostate biopsy cores needed to maintain high cancer detection rates while minimizing unnecessary biopsy sampling.

Objective: The objective was to provide urologists with a simple basis for optimizing the number of prostate biopsy cores that should be taken.

Methods: The records of 1024 patients who had undergone transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsies were reviewed. The prostate volume was divided by the number of biopsies to obtain the volume/biopsy ratio (VBR).

Bladder cancer incidence and mortality rates compared to ecologic factors among states in America.

Purpose: Smoking, inadequate vitamin D and pesticide exposure have been linked to bladder cancer (BCa) in past studies. The objective of this study is to explore associations between BCa rates and these risk factors.

Materials And Methods: BCa incidence and mortality rates among states were compared to smoking; solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation levels and drinking water from a surface water supply (which has greater residual pesticide contamination than groundwater and both are used as sources for drinking water).

Chemoprevention of prostate cancer: what can be recommended to patients?

Prostate cancer is third to lung and colon cancer as the cause of cancer-related deaths in American men. It is estimated that there will have been more than 28,000 deaths and 186,000 new cases in 2008 that will impose a significant burden on national health care costs. Chemoprevention aims to reduce both incidence and mortality through the use of agents to prevent, reverse, or delay the carcinogenic process.

Renal cell carcinoma rates compared with health status and behavior in the United States.

Objectives: To explore the relationship between renal cell carcinoma rates and health status and behavior in the United States.

Methods: The renal cell carcinoma incidence (2003-2004) and mortality rates (2000-2003) for males and females were compared with the levels of current smokers, obesity, physical inactivity, hypertension, diabetes, high fruit/vegetable diet, and excessive alcohol consumption on a state-by-state basis. Family income, lack of health insurance, urbanization, and urologist population density among the states were included to adjust for access to healthcare and socioeconomic status.

High cholesterol levels are associated with reduced prostate cancer mortality rates during periods of high but not low statin use in the United States.

Objective: Some studies suggest that cholesterol may promote prostate cancer development. High serum cholesterol levels are commonly treated with statins, which have been associated with decreased prostate cancer risks. Statin use has increased in this country during the 1990s while prostate mortality rates have gone down.

Exploring causes for declining prostate cancer mortality rates in the United States.

Objectives: Prostate cancer mortality rates in the U.S.A.