A Comparison of the 2022 Versus 2011 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Web-Based Risk Estimator for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

Objective: To compare the predictive accuracy of the 2022 vs 2011 National Institute of Child Health and Human Development estimator for identifying infants at high risk for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective study of infants ≤28 weeks' gestation. Demographic and respiratory support data were used to calculate risk for BPD or death by the BPD estimators.

Contemporary use of fibrinolytics in the management of pediatric empyema.

Background: This study seeks to investigate the contemporary use and effectiveness of fibrinolysis as a first-line option in pediatric empyema.

Methods: The Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) was queried to identify patients with empyema without fistula (2018-2023). First-line treatments were chest drainage (CD), chest drainage with fibrinolysis (CDF), and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery/open decortication (VATS/OD).

Hearing Loss in Children with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.

Objectives: Hearing loss is considered common in children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), with a few prior studies reporting a 32%-78% prevalence; mild-moderate conductive hearing loss has been reported most commonly.

Impact of Tracheostomy Status on Sternal Wound Infections in Children Following Median Sternotomy.

Objective: Sternal wound infection (SWI) is a rare but potentially life-threatening complication in children following sternotomy. Risk factors include young age, extended preoperative hospitalization, and prolonged ventilatory support. Few studies have explored the impact of pre-existing tracheostomy on SWI in pediatric patients.

Relationship between youth cardiometabolic health and physical activity in medical records.

Background: Thers is limited research examining modifiable cardiometabolic risk factors with a single-item health behavior question obtained during a clinic visit. Such information could support clinicians in identifying patients at risk for adverse cardiometabolic health. We investigated if children meeting physical activity or screen time recommendations, collected during clinic visits, have better cardiometabolic health than children not meeting recommendations.

Establishing pediatric age-adjusted shock index cut points in trauma patients younger than 1 year.

Purpose: Shock Index is used to predict injury severity and adverse outcomes in trauma patients, but pediatric age-adjusted shock index (SIPA) has superior performance in pediatric patients older than 1 year. Pediatric age-adjusted shock index scores younger than 1 year have not been well studied. This project aimed to establish and evaluate SIPA cut point data points for patients younger than 1 year.

The impact of early tracheostomy on neurodevelopmental outcomes of infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia exposed to postnatal corticosteroids.

Objective: To compare the cognitive, language and motor scores of infants with severe BPD exposed to postnatal corticosteroids (PCS) and had early (ET), late (LT) or no tracheostomy (NT).

Methods: Retrospective study was designed to compare the developmental outcomes of 71 infants born between 2010 and 2017 with severe BPD exposed to PCS and had ET (≤122 days), LT (>122 days), or NT.

Results: Cognitive scores were lower in LT versus NT and ET (p = 0.

Association Between Remote Monitoring and Interstage Morbidity and Death in Patients With Single-Ventricle Heart Disease Across Socioeconomic Groups.

Background: Despite improvements in survival over time, the mortality rate for infants with single-ventricle heart disease remains high. Infants of low socioeconomic status (SES) are particularly vulnerable. We sought to determine whether use of a novel remote monitoring program, the Cardiac High Acuity Monitoring Program, mitigates differences in outcomes by SES.

Polysomnographic findings in children with 22q deletion & duplication syndrome: relationship to genetic diagnosis, parent-reported symptoms, and calcium levels.

Purpose: 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is the most common microdeletion syndrome.

Retrospective cohort comparison between fluoroscopic and radiograph-only exams for evaluation of gastrostomy and gastrojejunostomy tubes.

Background: Gastrostomy (G) tube or gastrojejunostomy (GJ) tube checks are radiographic procedures that are frequently ordered to confirm tube positioning.

Objective: To characterize the sensitivity and specificity of radiograph-only examinations and traditional radiologist-performed fluoroscopy exams for G-tube or GJ-tube malposition and other adverse events detectable by imaging.

Materials And Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study at a single tertiary pediatric center that included all subjects who underwent G-tube or GJ-tube checks using fluoroscopy or radiograph-only exams between January 1, 2008, and January 1, 2019.

Transcriptome analysis reveals differences in cell cycle, growth and migration related genes that distinguish fibroblasts derived from pre-invasive and invasive breast cancer.

Background/introduction: As the most common form of pre-invasive breast cancer, ductal carcinoma (DCIS) affects over 50,000 women in the US annually. Despite standardized treatment involving lumpectomy and radiation therapy, up to 25% of patients with DCIS experience disease recurrence often with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), indicating that a subset of patients may be under-treated. As most DCIS cases will not progress to invasion, many patients may experience over-treatment.

Feasibility of a Contraception Intervention for Hospitalized Adolescents and Young Adults.

Objectives: Unintended pregnancy in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) is linked with negative outcomes. We sought to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of a contraception intervention in the pediatric hospital.

Methods: We conducted a pilot study of hospitalized AYA females aged 14 to 21 years who reported past or anticipated sexual activity.

Contraception use among individuals with substance use disorder increases tenfold with patient-centered, mobile services: a quasi-experimental study.

Background: Individuals with substance use disorders (SUD) have disproportionately high rates of unintended pregnancy. Reducing harm associated with this risk and its biopsychosocial consequences requires evidence-based, non-coercive interventions that ensure access to contraception for individuals who choose to prevent pregnancy. We examined feasibility and impact of SexHealth Mobile, a mobile unit-based intervention that aimed to increase access to patient-centered contraceptive care for individuals in SUD recovery programs.

Tonsillectomy in Children with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.

Tonsillectomy is one of the most common procedures performed in children, however there are currently no published studies evaluating tonsillectomy in children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS). With this study, our goal was to investigate the indications, efficacy, and complications of tonsillectomy in a pediatric cohort of patients with 22q11DS.

Outcomes of infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia who received tracheostomy and home ventilation.

Objective: To describe the survival rate, timing of liberation from the ventilator, and factors favorable for decannulation among infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (sBPD) who received tracheostomy.

Methods: Demographics and clinical outcomes were obtained through retrospective chart review of 98 infants with sBPD who were born between 2004 and 2017, received tracheostomy at <1 year of age, and were followed in the Infant Tracheostomy and Home Ventilator clinic up to 4 years of age.

Results: The number of infants with sBPD who received tracheostomy increased significantly over the study period.

Postoperative Hypocalcemia following Non-Cardiac Surgical Procedures in Children with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.

The guidelines for management of children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) highlight the risk for developing hypocalcemia after surgery and recommend monitoring calcium perioperatively. Despite this guidance, little has been published on postoperative hypocalcemia and 22q11DS.

Determinants of Length of Stay after Neonatal Cardiac Surgery Using Path Analysis.

After neonatal cardiac surgery, families, and the health care team strive for exclusive oral feedings before hospital discharge. With the hypothesis that exclusive oral feedings would reduce the length of stay (LOS), a multidimensional path analysis was used to examine a cross-section of 280 neonates from 2009 to 2013. Buttigieg, Abela, and Pace's theoretical framework of structural and process-related determinants of LOS was modeled with hypothesis-driven correlation and directionality.

T Cell Transcriptome in Chromosome 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome.

Phenotypic variations of chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22qDS) have unclear explanations. T cell lymphopenia in 22qDS related to varying degrees of thymic hypoplasia contributes to the phenotypic heterogeneity.

Characterization of the Mucosally-Adherent Duodenal Microbiome in Children with and without Crohn's Disease.

Manipulation of the microbiome is a rational treatment strategy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Compared to the colon and terminal ileum (TI), understanding of the microbial composition in the duodenum is sparse. This gap in knowledge is especially significant for children with Crohn’s disease (CD) because the prevalence of duodenal CD is higher in children than in adults.

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis: Personal Systems Approach in Improving Medication Adherence in Adult Kidney Transplant Patients.

Interventions to improve medication nonadherence in transplantation have recently moved from a focus on motivation and intention, to a focus on person-level quality improvement strategies. These strategies link adherence to established daily routines, environmental cues, and supportive people. The objective of this evaluation was to estimate the cost of implementation and the cost-effectiveness of a person-level intervention shown to increase medication adherence.

Risk factors for anesthetic-related complications in pediatric patients with a newly diagnosed mediastinal mass.

Background: Pediatric patients with a mediastinal mass can experience severe complications while undergoing anesthesia. Nearly, all published reviews involve either patients with an anterior mediastinal mass or patients with an oncologic disease.

Aim: The identification of risk factors for anesthetic-related complications in pediatric patients with any type of mediastinal mass.

microRNAs and Gene-Environment Interactions in Autism: Effects of Prenatal Maternal Stress and the Gene on Maternal microRNA Expression.

Genetics and environment both are critical in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but their interaction (G × E) is less understood. Numerous studies have shown higher incidence of stress exposures during pregnancies with children later diagnosed with ASD. However, many stress-exposed mothers have unaffected children.

Recovering from substance use disorders during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed-methods longitudinal study of women in Kansas City.

Aims: During the early months of the U.S. COVID-19 outbreak, women suffered disproportionate burdens of pandemic-related psychological and economic distress.

Conversion Furlow Palatoplasty and the Use of Preoperative Video Nasendoscopy.

Objective: To assess outcomes after conversion Furlow palatoplasty with and without routine preoperative flexible fiberoptic video nasendoscopy (FFVN).

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Tertiary Children's Hospital.