Associations between neighborhood factors and insomnia and their spatial clustering in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Background: Neighborhood-level adverse social determinants may be a risk factor for sleep health disparities. We examined the associations between neighborhood factors and insomnia and explored their spatial clustering in the city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from Philadelphia residents who participated in online screening for insomnia-related research.

Neighborhood disadvantage is associated with sleep disturbance in a sample of trauma-exposed Veterans.

Objectives: This study examined associations among neighborhood disadvantage, all-night respiratory sinus arrhythmia, fear of sleep, nightmare frequency, and sleep duration in a sample of trauma-exposed Veterans.

Methods: Participants completed baseline assessments and slept on a mattress actigraphy system for seven nights. Neighborhood disadvantage was assessed with the Area Deprivation Index, a census-based socioeconomic index.

The association of polysomnographic sleep on posttraumatic stress disorder symptom clusters in trauma-exposed civilians and veterans.

Study Objectives: Self-reported sleep disturbance has been established as a risk factor and predictor for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, less is known about the relationship between objective sleep and PTSD symptom clusters, and the specific role of hyperarousal. The present study examined the relationships between sleep continuity and architecture on PTSD symptom clusters.

Methods: Participants underwent two in-laboratory sleep studies to assess sleep continuity and architecture.

Trauma type as a risk factor for insomnia in a military population.

Background: This study evaluated whether lifetime traumatic stress compared to deployment-related traumatic stress differentially affected the likelihood of insomnia in military personnel.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (unweighted N = 21,499; weighted N = 670,335; 18-61 years; 13.5% Female).

Insomnia: Sex differences and age of onset in active duty Army soldiers.

Background: The prevalence of insomnia symptoms, insomnia diagnostic status, and age of onset compared by sex is understudied within the military population.

Method: Data were examined from the All Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Service members (N = 21,294; 18-61 years; 11.7% female and 87.

Treatment of Sleep Comorbidities in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Purpose Of The Review: Sleep disturbances, insomnia and recurrent nightmares in particular, are among the most frequently endorsed symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The present review provides a summary of the prevalence estimates and methodological challenges presented by sleep disturbances in PTSD, highlights the recent evidence for empirically supported psychotherapeutic and pharmacological interventions for comorbid sleep disturbances implicated in PTSD, and provides a summary of recent findings on integrated and sequential treatment approaches to ameliorate comorbid sleep disturbances in PTSD.

Recent Findings: Insomnia, recurrent nightmares, and other sleep disorders are commonly endorsed among individuals with PTSD; however, several methodological challenges contribute to the varying prevalence estimates.

Insomnia and Cognitive Performance.

Insomnia is the most common sleep problem, affecting between 30% and 50% in the general adult population. Insomnia is characterized by difficulty initiating and maintaining sleep, along with dissatisfaction with sleep quality or quantity. Insomnia complaints are linked to clinically significant distress or impairment in key areas of functioning, especially daytime cognitive performance.

Sleep in PTSD: treatment approaches and outcomes.

The high incidence of sleep disturbance associated with trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) points to the need for effective sleep interventions for trauma survivors. The present review focuses on recent psychotherapeutic, pharmacological, and sleep medicine treatment approaches for sleep disturbances in PTSD. Findings highlight that targeted sleep interventions can ameliorate sleep symptoms and mitigate daytime PTSD symptoms.

Insomnia prevalence among U.S. Army soldiers with history of TBI.

Purpose/objective: To determine the rate of insomnia among active-duty soldiers with and without a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Research Method and Design: Data were extracted from the All Army Study (AAS), a cross-sectional, self-report survey completed by a representative sample of 21,499 U.S.

The influence of deployment stress and life stress on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) diagnosis among military personnel.

There is increasing recognition that traumatic stress encountered throughout life, including those prior to military service, can put individuals at increased risk for developing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The purpose of this study was to examine the association of both traumatic stress encountered during deployment, and traumatic stress over one's lifetime on probable PTSD diagnosis. Probable PTSD diagnosis was compared between military personnel deployed in Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation Enduring Freedom (OIF/OEF; N = 21,499) and those who have recently enlisted (N = 55,814), using data obtained from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (Army STARRS).

Prevalence, predictors and correlates of insomnia in US army soldiers.

The objective of this study was to investigate the rates, predictors and correlates of insomnia in a national sample of US Army soldiers. Data were gathered from the cross-sectional survey responses of the All-Army Study, of the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Service members. Participants were a representative sample of 21 499 US Army soldiers who responded to the All-Army Study self-administered questionnaire between 2011 and 2013.

Sleep and Dreaming in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder.

Purpose Of Review: Sleep disturbances are core features of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This review aims to characterize sleep disturbances, summarize the knowledge regarding the relationships between trauma exposure and sleep difficulties, and highlight empirically supported and/or utilized treatments for trauma-related nightmares and insomnia.

Recent Findings: Trauma-related nightmares and insomnia, and other sleep disorders, are frequently reported among trauma survivors.

Psychiatric disorders moderate the relationship between insomnia and cognitive problems in military soldiers.

Background: There has been a great deal of research on the comorbidity of insomnia and psychiatric disorders, but much of the existing data is based on small samples and does not assess the full diagnostic criteria for each disorder. Further, the exact nature of the relationship between these conditions and their impact on cognitive problems are under-researched in military samples.

Method: Data were collected from the All Army Study of the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Service members (unweighted N = 21, 449; weighted N = 674,335; 18-61 years; 13.

Verbal memory functioning moderates psychotherapy treatment response for PTSD-Related nightmares.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with cognitive deficits in attention, executive control, and memory, although few studies have investigated the relevance of cognitive difficulties for treatment outcomes. We examined whether cognitive functioning and history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) were associated with response to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) for PTSD-related sleep problems. In a randomized controlled trial of Imagery Rehearsal (IR) added to components of CBT for Insomnia (IR + cCBT-I) compared to cCBT-I alone for PTSD-related recurrent nightmares, 94 U.

Influence of Sleep Disturbance on Global Functioning After Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Treatment.

Chronic insomnia and recurrent nightmares are prominent features of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Evidence from adult research indicates that these sleep disturbances do not respond as well to cognitive-behavioral therapies for PTSD and are associated with poorer functional outcomes. This study examined the effect of prolonged exposure therapy for adolescents versus client-centered therapy on posttraumatic sleep disturbance, and the extent to which sleep symptoms impacted global functioning among adolescents with sexual abuse-related PTSD.

Comparison of blast-exposed OEF/OIF veterans with and without a history of TBI symptoms on a brief computerized neuropsychological battery.

Mild traumatic brain injuries (mild TBIs) resulting from exposure to Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) are highly prevalent among veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. This exploratory study compared the neurocognitive performance of blast-exposed veterans with (n = 19) and without (n = 15) reported symptoms of mild TBI. All subjects had diagnoses of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Relationships of posttraumatic stress symptoms and sleep measures to cognitive performance in young-adult African Americans.

Disturbed sleep is a prominent feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PTSD and disrupted sleep have been independently linked to cognitive deficits; however, synergistic effects of PTSD and poor sleep on cognition have not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of PTSD symptoms and objectively measured disruptions to sleep on cognitive function.

Social inequality and racial discrimination: risk factors for health disparities in children of color.

A child's sense of control over life and health outcomes as well as perceptions of the world as fair, equal, and just are significantly influenced by his or her social experiences and environment. Unfortunately, the social environment for many children of color includes personal and family experiences of racial discrimination that foster perceptions of powerlessness, inequality, and injustice. In turn, these perceptions may influence child health outcomes and disparities by affecting biological functioning (eg, cardiovascular and immune function) and the quality of the parent-child relationship and promoting psychological distress (eg, self-efficacy, depression, anger) that can be associated with risk-taking and unhealthy behaviors.