Developing timely insights into comparative effectiveness research with a text-mining pipeline.

Comparative effectiveness research (CER) provides evidence for the relative effectiveness and risks of different treatment options and informs decisions made by healthcare providers, payers, and pharmaceutical companies. CER data come from retrospective analyses as well as prospective clinical trials. Here, we describe the development of a text-mining pipeline based on natural language processing (NLP) that extracts key information from three different trial data sources: NIH ClinicalTrials.

Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.

Drug-induced liver injury is one of the main causes of drug attrition. The ability to predict the liver effects of drug candidates from their chemical structures is critical to help guide experimental drug discovery projects toward safer medicines. In this study, we have compiled a data set of 951 compounds reported to produce a wide range of effects in the liver in different species, comprising humans, rodents, and nonrodents.

The influence of oxygen and carbon dioxide on diving behaviour of tufted ducks, Aythya fuligula.

While optimal diving models focus on the diver's oxygen (O(2)) stores as the predominant factor influencing diving behaviour, many vertebrate species surface from a dive before these stores are exhausted and may commence another dive well after their O(2) stores have been resaturated. This study investigates the influence of hypoxia and also hypercapnia on the dive cycle of tufted ducks, Aythya fuligula, in terms of surface duration and dive duration. The birds were trained to surface into a respirometer box after each dive to a feeding tray so that rates of O(2) uptake (VO2) and carbon dioxide output (VCO2) at the surface could be measured.