Lipiodol flush under ultrasound guidance in Australia.

Background: Lipiodol tubal flushing is offered to select subfertile women primarily to confirm tubal patency and to increase pregnancy rates.

Aims: To investigate the safety of hystero-salpingo contrast sonography (HyCoSy) using Lipiodol flush (through frequency of adverse events and mean recalled pain score) and secondarily to quantify pregnancy rates.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective observational Phase 1 study of subfertile women in three centres across Australia between June 2017 and June 2019.

Regimens of ultrasound surveillance for twin pregnancies for improving outcomes.

Background: Increased ultrasound surveillance of twin pregnancies has become accepted practice due to the higher risk of complications. There is no current consensus however as to the method and frequency of ultrasound monitoring that constitutes optimal care.

Objectives: To systematically review the effects of different types and frequency of ultrasound surveillance for women with a twin pregnancy on neonatal, fetal and maternal outcomes.

Noninvasive prenatal testing.

Background: Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) has marked a revolution in aneuploidy screening because it allows a simple maternal blood test to detect Down syndrome in a fetus with a very high level of accuracy (at least 99.5% with a false-positive rate of 0.2%).

Soluble Flt-1 as a diagnostic marker of pre-eclampsia.

Background: Serum levels of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase (sFlt-1) increase in pre-eclampsia (PE).

Aims: To determine whether concentrations of serum sFlt-1 can differentiate PE or superimposed PE (SPE) from gestational hypertension (GH) or chronic hypertension (CH).

Methods: Blood was collected from pregnant women being investigated for hypertension (blood pressure of > 140 and/or 90 mmHg).

Review of the confusion in current and historical terminology and definitions for disturbances of menstrual bleeding.

Objective: There has been increasing recent recognition of the worldwide confusion in the terminology and definitions for abnormalities of menstrual and uterine bleeding. The present review was undertaken to objectively explore some of the origins and current uses of terms for symptoms, signs, and causes of abnormal uterine bleeding and to demonstrate the international lack of uniformity.

Design: A detailed, but not systematic, search of the huge current and historical literature across the range of menstrual terminology, definitions, and some causes, with an emphasis on "menorrhagia" and "dysfunctional uterine bleeding.