IOC consensus statement on elite youth athletes competing at the Olympic Games: essentials to a healthy, safe and sustainable paradigm.

With the pronounced ongoing growth of global youth sports, opportunities for and participation of youth athletes on the world sports stage, including the Olympic Games, are expected to escalate. Yet, adolescence is a vulnerable period of development and inherently dynamic, with non-linear and asynchronous progression of physical, physiological, psychological and social attributes. These non-concurrent changes within and between individuals are accompanied by irregular and unpredictable threats and impediments.

Athlete health and safety at large sporting events: the development of consensus-driven guidelines.

All sport events have inherent injury and illness risks for participants. Healthcare services for sport events should be planned and delivered to mitigate these risks which is the ethical responsibility of all sport event organisers. The objective of this paper was to develop consensus-driven guidelines describing the basic standards of services necessary to protect athlete health and safety during large sporting events.

Genome Characterization of Two Isolates from Australia.

The near-complete genome sequence of the original (CarVY) type isolate (CarVY-Vic) collected in 1999 in Victoria, Australia, and a near-complete genome sequence from an isolate collected in 2019 from the same region (CarVY-2-22) were determined following deep sequencing. The two CarVY genome sequences shared 98% nucleotide identity.

Health promotion by International Olympic Sport Federations: priorities and barriers.

Objective: To identify changes in International Federations' priorities and the barriers to implementing athlete and global health initiatives. Results should influence the work of the International Federation medical committees, the IOC and the Association of Summer Olympic International Federation.

Methods: The 28 Summer and 7 Winter International Federations participating in the most recent Olympic Games (2016; 2018) were surveyed to (i) identify the importance of 27 health topics, (ii) assess their progress on implementation health-related programmes and (iii) the barriers to implementation of these programmes.

The impact of publishing medical specialty society guidelines on subsequent adoption of best practices: a case study with type 2 diabetes.

Aims: Our goal was to determine the effect of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of type 2 diabetes (T2D) therapy, published in 2006, on the incidence of early metformin monotherapy (EMM), defined as the prescription of metformin and no other antidiabetic medications within 30 days of initial T2D diagnosis.

Methods: The incidence of EMM in the United States (US) from January 2005 to December 2007 was estimated using data from the i3 InVision Data Mart, an integrated database of enrollment dates, inpatient and outpatient medical claims, pharmaceutical claims, and laboratory results from a diverse group of US health plans. The trend in the incidence of EMM was analysed using joinpoint regression modelling.

Cost of gestational diabetes mellitus in the United States in 2007.

The objective of this study was to estimate the national medical costs associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in 2007. We analyzed the National Hospital Discharge Survey to estimate the national prevalence of GDM. Using Poisson regression analysis with medical claims for about 27,000 newborns and their mothers, we estimated rate ratios that reflect the increase in use of health care services associated with GDM.

Hemoglobin levels and athletic performance in elite speed skaters during the olympic season 2006.

Objective: To test the hypotheses that the hemoglobin (Hb) distribution curve in elite male and female long track speed skaters is not normally distributed and that there is a positive relationship between competitive success and Hb concentration.

Design: A venous blood sample was taken before the events from all skaters. The Hb concentration distribution curves of all ranked from 1 to 30 were tested for normality.

Investigating the Presence of Biotic Agents Associated with Mundulla Yellows.

The role of biotic agents in the dieback syndrome Mundulla Yellows (MY) was investigated by analysis of 40 Eucalyptus camaldulensis, E. leucoxylon, or E. cladocalyx trees and soil samples from South Australia and Victoria, Australia.

The incidence of injuries in elite junior figure skaters.

Background: There has been rapid growth in the technical and physiologic demands made on skaters who perform more and more difficult jumps, spins, lifts, throws, and free skating movements.

Purpose: To investigate the frequency of injuries and overuse syndromes in elite junior skaters.

Study Design: Questionnaire.