Rabies seropositive individuals, dogs, and healthcare professionals without prior vaccination in four Brazilian Indigenous communities.

Indigenous communities are reportedly among the most vulnerable populations exposed to rabies worldwide. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess rabies serum titers from healthy Indigenous individuals, their dogs, and healthcare professionals of four Indigenous communities from São Paulo state, southeastern Brazil. Blood samples were collected, and an epidemiological questionnaire applied.

Molecular detection of Chlamydiales organisms in ruminant abortions in Brazil.

Infections caused by the Chlamydiales order are highly prevalent worldwide and have a well-known association with reproductive and non-reproductive disorders in livestock and humans. This study aimed to identify Chlamydiales organisms in ruminant abortions using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in samples collected from three Brazilian states: Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, and São Paulo. The Chlamydiales order was found in 7.

One Health approach for Brucella canis: Serological and molecular detection in animal-hoarding individuals and their dogs.

Animal hoarding disorder (AHD) is classified as a psychiatric obsessive-compulsive condition characterized by animal accumulation and often accompanied by unsanitary conditions and animal cruelty. Although AHD may increase pathogen transmission and spread, particularly for zoonotic diseases, human and dog exposure in such cases has yet to be fully established. Accordingly, this study aimed to assess Brucella canis in 19 individuals with AHD (11 households) and their 264 dogs (21 households) in Curitiba, the eighth largest city in Brazil, with approximately 1.

No Evidence of Rabies Exposure in Wild Marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) of Northeast Brazil.

Rabies transmitted by wildlife is the main source of human rabies mortality in Latin America and considered an emerging disease. The common marmoset Callithrix jacchus of Brazil is the only known primate reservoir of rabies worldwide. We tested whether alive free-ranging C.

Serological and Molecular Survey of Species in Owners and Their Dogs Living on Island and Mainland Seashore Areas of Brazil.

Although , and may infect humans and dogs worldwide, no study to date has assessed and compared owners and their dogs between island and mainland seashore areas. Accordingly, the study herein has applied serological tests, including Microplate Agglutination Test with 2-Mercaptoethanol, immunochromatographic assay, and Rose Bengal Test, and a genus-specific PCR assay to 195 owners and their 148 dogs living on 1 mainland seashore area and three nearby oceanic islands of southern Brazil. No seropositivity to and was detected in owner or dog sera.

Molecular detection of Leptospira spp. in small wild rodents from rural areas of São Paulo State, Brazil.

Background: Leptospirosis represents a One Health issue, affecting humans and animals. This study investigated pathogenic leptospires in small wild rodents in São Paulo, Brazil.

Methods: Kidney samples from 164 rodents underwent qPCR testing, targeting pathogenic Leptospira spp.

Comparison of Three Serologic Tests for the Detection of Anti- Antibodies in Patients with Q Fever.

The performance of a commercial immunofluorescence assay (IFA commercial), an immunofluorescence assay (IFA ) and an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were evaluated in the detection of antibodies anti- in the serum of Q fever patients and persons without the disease. For the study, seropositive and seronegative samples for Q fever ( = 200) from a serum bank of the Instituto Adolfo Lutz in Brazil were used. Commercial IFA was considered in this study as the gold standard for diagnosing Q fever.

Overview of Q fever in Brazil: an underestimated zoonosis.

This review aims to provide current information about Q fever, elucidating the etiological, epidemiological, pathogenic, clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic, and prophylactic aspects of the disease for the medical community. We discuss the main forms of presentation of the agent, its ability to persist in the body, the infinite possibilities of susceptible hosts, the main known forms of transmission, its importance in populations at occupational risk, and the role of arthropods in the natural history of the disease. Focusing on Brazil, we present the cases already described and studies developed since its first report, and how there is still much to unravel.

Factors Limiting the Appropriate Use of Rabies Post-exposure Prophylaxis by Health Professionals in Brazil.

Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is necessary to prevent the fatal onset of rabies but requires optimization to avoid overuse in populations at risk of rabies. In Brazil, the incidence of dog bites remains high, with almost half of dog-bite patients not receiving the PEP recommended by the Ministry of Health guidelines between 2008 and 2017. In this study, we aimed to identify the factors that limit the appropriate prescribing of PEP by interviewing health professionals responsible for PEP administration and completion of the 'Information System on Diseases of Compulsory Declaration' (SINAN) form reporting human anti-rabies care for patients seeking health care after a dog bite.

Seropositivity for Coxiella burnetii in suspected patients with dengue in São Paulo state, Brazil.

Q fever and brucellosis are zoonoses that cause fever and other systemic clinical signs in humans; their occurrences are neglected and the differential diagnosis for some diseases is disregarded. This study aimed to investigate the seropositivity for Coxiella burnetii and Brucella spp. antibodies in patients suspected of dengue from 38 municipalities in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

Gene Expression Profile Induced by Two Different Variants of Street Rabies Virus in Mice.

Pathogenicity and pathology of rabies virus (RABV) varies according to the variant, but the mechanisms are not completely known. In this study, gene expression profile in brains of mice experimentally infected with RABV isolated from a human case of dog rabies (V2) or vampire bat-acquired rabies (V3) were analyzed. In total, 138 array probes associated with 120 genes were expressed differentially between mice inoculated with V2 and sham-inoculated control mice at day 10 post-inoculation.

Spatio-temporal dynamics of rabies and habitat suitability of the common marmoset Callithrix jacchus in Brazil.

Rabies transmitted by wildlife is now the main source of human rabies in the Americas. The common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus, is considered a reservoir of rabies causing sporadic and unpredictable human deaths in Brazil, but the extent of the spillover risk to humans remains unknown. In this study, we described the spatiotemporal dynamics of rabies affecting C.

Diagnosis failure of bovine leukosis: serology variation during the peripartum period.

This study demonstrates the influence of pregnancy on serum diagnosis of enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL), emphasizing the importance of routine testing to maintain herd health. For this, 143 pregnant cows were sampled in duplicate (30 days before and 15 days after calving). For EBL diagnosis, samples were submitted to agar gel immunodiffusion testing (AGID).

Anti-Brucella canis antibodies in dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum and associated histological alterations in the genital tract.

In canine visceral leishmaniasis, coinfections can aggravate the disease. Our aim was to investigate Brucella canis in dogs infected with Leishmania infantum. One hundred and six L.

Molecular detection of Coxiella burnetii in aborted bovine fetuses in Brazil.

In the past decade, cases of Q fever have been reported in Brazil. Although the previous report of Coxiella burnetii in humans and animals, the knowledge about the occurrence of this pathogen in livestock in Brazil is scarce. This study aimed to search C.

Serological Surveillance of Rabies in Free-Range and Captive Common Vampire Bats .

The control of vampire bat rabies (VBR) in Brazil is based on the culling of and the surveillance of outbreaks caused by in cattle and humans in addition to vaccination of susceptible livestock. The detection of anti-rabies antibodies in vampire bats indicates exposure to the rabies virus, and several studies have reported an increase of these antibodies following experimental infection. However, the dynamics of anti-rabies antibodies in natural populations of remains poorly understood.

Phenotypic and molecular identification of Brucella suis biotype 1 in a pig from Brazil-case report.

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease with a global impact. Brucella suis is one of the most pathogenic species to humans, requiring different measures for the control and/or eradication of the disease. The serological investigation for brucellosis was performed in pigs, horses, dogs, and cattle on a farm with a history of abortion in sows and necropsy of a boar with severe necrosuppurative orchitis.

Coxiella burnetii in slaughterhouses in Brazil: A public health concern.

Q fever is an important zoonosis, yet it is often neglected and can present large outbreaks, as observed in the Netherlands. In the past few years, cases of Q fever have been described in Brazil; however, the epidemiological situation of Q fever in ruminants, the main reservoir of the pathogen, is unknown in this country. Our study aimed to estimate the prevalence of C.

Using Surveillance of Animal Bite Patients to Decipher Potential Risks of Rabies Exposure From Domestic Animals and Wildlife in Brazil.

Direct contact with domestic animals and wildlife is linked to zoonotic spillover risk. Patients presenting with animal-bite injuries provide a potentially valuable source of surveillance data on rabies viruses that are transmitted primarily by animal bites. Here, we used passive surveillance data of bite patients to identify areas with high potential risk of rabies transmission to humans across Brazil, a highly diverse and populous country, where rabies circulates in a range of species.

New Genotypes of Circulating in Brazil and Argentina.

, the zoonotic agent of Q fever, has a worldwide distribution. Despite the vast information about the circulating genotypes in Europe and North America, there is a lack of data regarding strains in South America. Here, we show the presence of novel multispacer sequence typing (MST) genotypes of in two clusters detected in Brazil and Argentina that seem to be distant in parenthood.

Exposure of free-ranging capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) to the vaccinia virus.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of free-ranging animals/hunting dogs as sources of infection in the vaccinia virus (VACV) transmission chain. Serological, cell culture and molecular assays were conducted in 56 free-ranging animals and 22 hunting dogs. ELISA/neutralizing assays showed that two (2.

An evaluation of Brazil's surveillance and prophylaxis of canine rabies between 2008 and 2017.

An effective surveillance system is critical for the elimination of canine rabies in Latin America. Brazil has made substantial progress towards canine rabies elimination, but outbreaks still occurred in the last decade in two states. Brazil uses a health information system (SINAN) to record patients seeking post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) following contact with an animal suspected of having rabies.

Real-time quantitative PCR-based detection of Coxiella burnetii in unpasteurized cow's milk sold for human consumption.

Coxiella burnetii is a zoonotic pathogen with a worldwide distribution that is responsible for Q fever in humans. It is a highly infectious bacterium that can be transmitted from cattle to humans through the consumption of unpasteurized milk. We report the molecular identification of C.