The benefits of adding metformin to tamoxifen to protect the endometrium-A randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Background: We investigated whether metformin prevents tamoxifen-induced endometrial changes and insulin resistance (IR) after a diagnosis of breast cancer.

Methods: This was a single-centre, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group trial. Postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer taking tamoxifen were randomly allocated to metformin 850 mg or identical placebo, twice daily, for 52 weeks.

Surgical management of placenta accreta: a 10-year experience.

Objective: To examine maternal morbidity in primary surgical management of placenta accreta.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Setting: Quaternary perinatal referral center in Melbourne, Australia.

Seladin-1/DHCR24 expression in normal ovary, ovarian epithelial and granulosa tumours.

Objective: The human DIMINUTO/DWARF1 homolog seladin-1/DHCR24 has been recently reported to be up-regulated in adrenocortical adenomas. Seladin-1 expression has been reported in the normal ovary. Granulosa cell tumours of the ovary (GCT) as with adrenocortical adenomas arise from a steroidogenic tissue, respond to pituitary hormone stimulation and synthesize steroid hormones.

Inhibins and ovarian cancer.

The inhibins are produced and secreted by several ovarian cancers. Monitoring serum levels by immunoassay may be a useful diagnostic aid in the initial assessment of this disease and in monitoring its potential recurrence following surgery. The assays are applicable to women after menopause when the majority of ovarian cancers are detected, and when the normal ovarian production of inhibin is low to negligible.

Inhibins as biomarkers for reproductive cancers.

Inhibin is a dimeric (alpha and either betaA or betaB subunit) protein involved in the regulation of fertility. Inhibin A and B or its free alpha subunit monomer are elevated in various gonadal and prostate cancers and thus serve as useful diagnostic tools for certain ovarian tumors either as a serum marker or as an immunocytochemical marker for tissue sections. Serum inhibin levels are of value in the initial diagnosis and subsequent follow-up of sex cord stromal tumors, in particular granulosa cell tumors, and mucinous epithelial adenocarcinomas primarily after menopause.