Climate change fluctuations can increase population abundance and range size.

Climate change threatens many species by a poleward/upward movement of their thermal niche. While we know that faster movement has stronger impacts, little is known on how fluctuations of niche movement affect population outcomes. Environmental fluctuations often affect populations negatively, but theory and experiments have revealed some positive effects.

Evaluating the multiple sulfur isotope signature of Eoarchean rocks from the Isua Supracrustal Belt (Southwest-Greenland) by MC-ICP-MS: Volcanic nutrient sources for early life.

On the anoxic Archean Earth, prior to the onset of oxidative weathering, electron acceptors were relatively scarce, perhaps limiting microbial productivity. An important metabolite may have been sulfate produced during the photolysis of volcanogenic SO gas. Multiple sulfur isotope data can be used to track this sulfur source, and indeed this record indicates SO photolysis dating back to at least 3.

The gastrointestinal antibiotic resistome in pediatric leukemia and lymphoma patients.

Introduction: Most children with leukemia and lymphoma experience febrile neutropenia. These are treated with empiric antibiotics that include β-lactams and/or vancomycin. These are often administered for extended periods, and the effect on the resistome is unknown.

Audiologists' perspective on the treatment of ear-related ear, nose, and throat conditions in rural Victoria.

Objectives: To understand the experience of audiologists in managing and treating ear-related ear, nose and throat conditions in rural areas, and to identify the compounding factors that influence patient outcomes and potential targets for intervention.

Design: A focus group was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach. Responses were audio-recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed.

Moving-habitat models: A numerical approach.

As the global climate changes, biological populations have to adapt in place or move in space to stay within their preferred temperature regime. Empirical evidence suggests that shifting speeds of temperature isoclines are location and elevation dependent and may accelerate over time. We present a mathematical tool to study transient behaviour of population dynamics within such moving habitats to discern between populations at high and low risk of extinction.

Acceptability of self-taken vaginal HPV sample for cervical screening among an under-screened Indigenous population.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV), the causative agent of cervical cancer, can be screened for using self-collected vaginal samples (self-testing). This may overcome barriers to screening for Māori women who suffer a greater burden of cervical disease than New Zealand European women.

Aims: This study aimed to explore the potential acceptability of HPV self-testing for never/under-screened (self-reported no cervical screen in 4+ years, aged 25+) Māori women by Kaupapa Māori (by, with and for Māori) mixed methods, involving hui (focus groups/interviews) and survey.

Preventability review of severe maternal morbidity.

Introduction: Severe maternal morbidity (SMM) is rising globally. Assessing SMM is an important quality measure. This study aimed to examine SMM in a national cohort in New Zealand.

A global view of severe maternal morbidity: moving beyond maternal mortality.

Background: Maternal mortality continues to be of great public health importance, however for each woman who dies as the direct or indirect result of pregnancy, many more women experience life-threatening complications. The global burden of severe maternal morbidity (SMM) is not known, but the World Bank estimates that it is increasing over time. Consistent with rates of maternal mortality, SMM rates are higher in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) than in high-income countries (HICs).

Individual behavior at habitat edges may help populations persist in moving habitats.

Moving-habitat models aim to characterize conditions for population persistence under climate-change scenarios. Existing models do not incorporate individual-level movement behavior near habitat edges. These small-scale details have recently been shown to be crucially important for large-scale predictions of population spread and persistence in patchy landscapes.

Information, support, and follow-up offered to women who experienced severe maternal morbidity.

Objective: To determine what information, support, and follow-up were offered to women who had experienced severe maternal morbidity (SMM).

Methods: The present retrospective case review included patients who experienced SMM (admission to intensive care during pregnancy or up to 42 days postpartum) who had previously been reviewed for potential preventability as part of a nationwide New Zealand study performed between January 1 and December 31, 2014. Data were audited to ascertain documented evidence of an event debrief or explanation; referral to social support and/or mental health services; a detailed discharge letter; and a follow-up appointment with a specialist.

Contraception post severe maternal morbidity: a retrospective audit.

Introduction: Rapid repeat pregnancy is associated with maternal and neonatal morbidity. Effective postpartum contraception should be offered to all women, including those who experience severe acute maternal morbidity (SAMM), but little is known about contraceptive initiation in this group. Severe preexisting comorbidities with high pregnancy-related mortality risks are an important subset.

Articulating nurse practitioner practice using King's theory of goal attainment.

Purpose: To further understand the interactions between nurse practitioners (NPs) and patients, King's nursing theory of goal attainment was applied as the conceptual framework to describe the interactions between NPs and patients in the primary care setting.

Data Sources: Six dyads of NPs and their patients were video- and audio-taped over three consecutive clinic visits. For the purposes of this arm of the study, the audio-taped interactions were transcribed and then coded using King's concepts in her theory of goal attainment.

Increasing the uptake of opportunistic chlamydia screening: a pilot study in general practice.

Introduction: Genitourinary Chlamydia trachomatis infection is common and associated with considerable personal and public health cost. Effective detection strategies are needed.

Aim: To assess feasibility of an opportunistic incentivised chlamydia screening programme in general practice over six months.

Poor uptake of self-sample collection kits for Chlamydia testing outside primary care.

Objectives: New strategies are needed to reach at-risk populations for Chlamydia screening.

Method: Self-sample collection kits containing instructions and all items required for testing were developed and piloted in a three-month trial in primary care. Practice staff offered kits to young people receiving opportunistic Chlamydia screening to pass on to their 'social contacts.

Implementing arthritis clinical practice guidelines in primary care.

Background: Multi-faceted interventions are among the strongest methods for changing provider behavior.

Aims: This paper reports the design, implementation and process evaluation of an educational program to disseminate clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) on the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) in primary care.

Methods: Organizations were invited to participate in inter-professional workshops on OA and RA followed by six months of activities to support the delivery of care in the community.

High prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium in women presenting for termination of pregnancy.

Background: Sexually transmitted infections increase the risk of postoperative complications after termination of pregnancy. Mycoplasma genitalium is sexually transmitted and associated with adverse clinical outcomes in both males and females. The prevalence of M.

Self-obtained vaginal swabs for PCR chlamydia testing: a practical alternative.

This study shows that given a choice, New Zealand women at high risk for sexually transmitted infections (STI) opt to provide a self-taken vaginal swab over a clinician-taken sample for STI testing. Self-obtained vaginal swabs have previously been shown to have equal sensitivity and specificity to endocervical swabs and greater sensitivity than urine for the detection of Chlamydia trachomatis by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We suggest that self-obtained vaginal swabs should be a readily available option offered to women for chlamydia testing by PCR in New Zealand.

An outbreak of infectious syphilis in Wellington, New Zealand.

Aims: To estimate the incidence of infectious syphilis in the Wellington region between 2004 and 2006, and to characterise those with infectious syphilis, in terms of demographic and risk factors, in order to inform control of the disease.

Methods: Based on information from regional laboratories, a questionnaire was sent to the requesting clinician for all individuals with positive syphilis serology between January 2004 and December 2005. The questionnaire was also used for cases of infectious syphilis seen at regional sexual health clinics in 2006.