Long-term outcomes of Ahmed glaucoma valve implantation in refractory glaucomas.

Purpose: To evaluate the long-term efficacy of intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction and complications of Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation (New World Medical, Inc, Rancho Cucamonga, California, USA) in refractory glaucoma.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Retrospective medical records from 64 patients (78 eyes) with refractory glaucoma who underwent AGV implantation with a minimum of three years of follow-up were reviewed.

Darkness and near work: myopia and its progression in third-year law students.

Purpose: To evaluate myopia prevalence, myopia progression, and various potential myopia risk factors in third-year law students.

Design: Cross-sectional study and survey.

Participants: One hundred seventy-nine third-year law students at the University of Pennsylvania.