Moyamoya-Like Vasculopathy and Orbital Trauma: An Association.

An Asian man in his 20s developed asymptomatic ipsilateral moyamoya-like vascular changes following orbital and head trauma. An ipsilateral traumatic optic neuropathy with extensive optic cupping ensued. The complex embryology of the ocular vascular development is reviewed as having a potential causative role in the intracranial carotid vasculopathy.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated bilateral optic neuritis with unilateral prepapillary vitreous hemorrhage.

We present a case of bilateral myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody optic neuritis (MOG-ON) with unilateral vitreous hemorrhage in a 6-year-old boy. Multidisciplinary team care, including extensive investigations and prolonged follow-up, excluded alternative causes of vitreous hemorrhage. Early suspicion and diagnosis of MOG-ON led to timely intravenous methylprednisolone treatment, with protracted oral steroid taper, resulting in complete resolution of optic nerve swelling, vitreous hemorrhage, and visual function.

Optic Nerve Angle in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension.

Background: The tortuosity of the optic nerve can be quantified radiologically by measuring the angle of optic nerve deformation (the "optic nerve angle" [ONA]). In patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), lowering the intracranial pressure (ICP) to a normal range by lumbar puncture leads to straightening of the optic nerve and an increase in the measured sagittal ONA on MRI. It is uncertain whether there is any correlation between ONA and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure or visual function.

Neuro-ophthalmic manifestations of mitochondrial disorders and their management.

The visual system has high metabolic requirements and is therefore particularly vulnerable to mitochondrial dysfunction. The most commonly affected tissues include the extraocular muscles, photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, optic nerve and visual cortex. Hence, the most common manifestations of mitochondrial disorders are progressive external ophthalmoplegia, macular pattern dystrophy, pigmentary retinopathy, optic neuropathy and retrochiasmal visual field loss.

Ophthalmic findings in neonates receiving sildenafil.

Aim: To determine the risk of ocular complications of sildenafil therapy in neonates.

Methods: Retrospective case review of neonates with persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn who received sildenafil therapy between 2010 and 2015 in a single, tertiary surgical neonatal intensive care unit in Australia. Ophthalmic examination findings in the neonatal intensive care unit and follow-up were examined.

Update on pediatric optic neuritis.

Purpose Of Review: To summarize recent developments in the classification, investigation and management of pediatric optic neuritis (PON).

Recent Findings: A recent surge in interest surrounding antibodies to myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody (MOG-Ab) has instigated a paradigm shift in our assessment of children with PON. This serological marker is associated with a broad spectrum of demyelinating syndromes that are clinically and radiologically distinct from multiple sclerosis (MS) and aquaporin-4 antibody positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4+NMOSD).

Corneal arcus as the presenting sign of familial hypercholesterolemia in a young child.

A 2.6-year-old boy presented with prominent corneal arcus. This clinical sign is rarely seen at such a young age and led to the diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH).

Retinal image registration and comparison for clinical decision support.

Background: For eye diseases, such as glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), involved in long-term degeneration procedure, longitudinal comparison of retinal images is a common step for reliable diagnosis of these kinds of diseases.

Aims: To provide a retinal image registration approach for longitudinal retinal image alignment and comparison.

Method: Two image registration solutions were proposed for facing different image qualities of retinal images to make the registration methods more robust and feasible in a clinical application system.

An update on retinal laser therapy.

Since its discovery in the 1940s, retinal photocoagulation has evolved immensely. Although the first photocoagulators used incandescent light, it was the invention of the laser that instigated the widespread use of photocoagulation for treatment of retinal diseases. Laser permits selection of electromagnetic wavelength, energy levels, spot size and pulse duration.