Official ERS technical standard: Global Lung Function Initiative reference values for static lung volumes in individuals of European ancestry.

Background: Measurement of lung volumes across the life course is critical to the diagnosis and management of lung disease. The aim of the study was to use the Global Lung Function Initiative methodology to develop all-age multi-ethnic reference equations for lung volume indices determined using body plethysmography and gas dilution techniques.

Methods: Static lung volume data from body plethysmography and gas dilution techniques from individual, healthy participants were collated.

Pediatric Dysfunctional Breathing: Proposed Components, Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Management.

Dysfunctional breathing (DB) is an overarching term describing deviations in the normal biomechanical patterns of breathing which have a significant impact on quality of life, performance and functioning. Whilst it occurs in both children and adults, this article focuses specifically on children. DB can be viewed as having two components; breathing pattern disorder (BPD) and inducible laryngeal obstruction (ILO).

ARTP statement on pulmonary function testing 2020.

The Association for Respiratory Technology & Physiology (ARTP) last produced a statement on the performance of lung function testing in 1994. At that time the focus was on a practical statement for people working in lung function laboratories. Since that time there have been many technological advances and alterations to best practice in the measurement and interpretation of lung function assessments.

Challenges and Opportunities of Evidence Use in Practice in Australian Children's Development Programs.

This paper explores the role of evidence and its use in a cluster of Australian community-based child development programs. The paper draws on findings from a 2016-2017 study commissioned by a not-for-profit organization to review their programs' alignment with government evidence-based program expectations. Cunningham and Duffee's (2009) evidence-based practice style typology is utilized to examine how different purposes of use drive styles of and approaches to evidence sourcing, application, and reporting.

Changes in FEV over time in COPD and the importance of spirometry reference ranges: the devil is in the detail.

http://bit.ly/2C0Nhqa.

Age is a predictor of a small decrease in lung function in children with sickle cell anemia.

The longitudinal pattern of lung function in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) has shown a decrease in FEV % predicted, a risk factor for death in adults with SCA, but predictors for this decline are poorly characterized. In a prospective longitudinal multi-center cohort of children with SCA, we tested the hypotheses that: (1) FEV % predicted declines over time; and (2) SCA-specific characteristics and therapy predict this decline. At three clinical centers, children with SCA (HbSS or HbSβ thalassemia), unselected for respiratory disease, were enrolled in the Sleep and Asthma Cohort (SAC) study.

Pulmonary function deficits in newborn screened infants with cystic fibrosis managed with standard UK care are mild and transient.

With the advent of novel designer molecules for cystic fibrosis (CF) treatment, there is huge need for early-life clinical trial outcomes, such as infant lung function (ILF). We investigated the degree and tracking of ILF abnormality during the first 2 years of life in CF newborn screened infants.Forced expiratory volume in 0.

Long-term effects of severe acute malnutrition on lung function in Malawian children: a cohort study.

Early nutritional insults may increase risk of adult lung disease. We aimed to quantify the impact of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) on spirometric outcomes 7 years post-treatment and explore predictors of impaired lung function.Spirometry and pulse oximetry were assessed in 237 Malawian children (median age: 9.

Exhaled nitric oxide: Not associated with asthma, symptoms, or spirometry in children with sickle cell anemia.

Background: The significance of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (Feno) levels in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) is unclear, but increased levels can be associated with features of asthma and thus increased morbidity.

Objectives: We sought to determine factors associated with Feno and whether Feno levels are associated with increased rates of acute chest syndrome (ACS) and pain.

Methods: All participants had SCA, were part of the prospective observational Sleep and Asthma Cohort study, and had the following assessments: Feno levels, spirometry, blood samples analyzed for hemoglobin, white blood cell counts, eosinophil counts and total serum IgE levels, questionnaires about child medical and family history, and review of medical records.

Chronic disease outcomes after severe acute malnutrition in Malawian children (ChroSAM): a cohort study.

Background: Tackling severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is a global health priority. Heightened risk of non-communicable diseases (NCD) in children exposed to SAM at around 2 years of age is plausible in view of previously described consequences of other early nutritional insults. By applying developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD) theory to this group, we aimed to explore the long-term effects of SAM.

Pattern of Lung Function Is Not Associated with Prior or Future Morbidity in Children with Sickle Cell Anemia.

Rationale: Patient factors associated with development of abnormal lung function in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) have not been fully characterized.

Objectives: To characterize lung function abnormalities among children with SCA and to determine whether these steady-state lung function results were associated with morbidity before or after testing among children with SCA.

Methods: This study was part of the prospective National Institutes of Health-funded Sleep and Asthma Cohort Study.

Natural variability of lung function in young healthy school children.

Knowledge about long-term variability of lung function in healthy children is essential when monitoring and treating those with respiratory disease over time. The aim of this study was to define the natural variability in spirometry in young children after an interval of 12 months.The Size and Lung function In Children study was a prospective study designed to assess spirometry and body size, shape and composition in a multi-ethnic population of London school children.

New reference ranges for interpreting forced expiratory manoeuvres in infants and implications for clinical interpretation: a multicentre collaboration.

Unlabelled: The raised volume rapid thoracoabdominal compression (RVRTC) technique is commonly used to obtain full forced expiratory manoeuvres from infants, but reference equations derived from 'in-house' equipment have been shown to be inappropriate for current commercially available devices.

Aim: To explore the impact of equipment differences on RVRTC outcomes, derive robust equipment-specific RVRTC reference ranges and investigate their potential clinical impact on data interpretation.

Method: RVRTC data from healthy subjects using Jaeger BabyBody or the 'Respiratory Analysis Software Program, RASP' systems were collated from four centres internationally.

Lung function in children in relation to ethnicity, physique and socioeconomic factors.

Can ethnic differences in spirometry be attributed to differences in physique and socioeconomic factors?Assessments were undertaken in 2171 London primary schoolchildren on two occasions 1 year apart, whenever possible, as part of the Size and Lung function In Children (SLIC) study. Measurements included spirometry, detailed anthropometry, three-dimensional photonic scanning for regional body shape, body composition, information on ethnic ancestry, birth and respiratory history, socioeconomic circumstances, and tobacco smoke exposure.Technically acceptable spirometry was obtained from 1901 children (mean (range) age 8.

Collaboration is key: The actual experience of disciplines working together in child care.

Promoting young children's academic and developmental outcomes can no longer be achieved by the single efforts of one profession, but requires professionals to work together in inter-professional teams to understand the complexity of young children's lives. Collaboration in early childhood programs involves health professionals, educators, and other professionals sharing information, validating each other's roles, and providing input around which strategies promote positive outcomes for all children. There are, however, limited studies available within early childhood education on inter-disciplinary relationships between nurses and teachers.

Effects of antenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation on lung function in mid-childhood: follow-up of a double-blind randomised controlled trial in Nepal.

A randomised trial of prenatal multiple micronutrient supplementation in Nepalese women increased birthweight and weight at 2 years of age in offspring, compared to those born to mothers who only received iron and folic acid supplements. Further follow-up of this cohort provided an opportunity to investigate the effect of antenatal multiple micronutrients on subsequent lung function by measuring spirometry at 7-9 years of age in C: hildren born during the trial. 841 children (80% of the cohort) were seen at mean±sd 8.

Disparities in pulmonary function in healthy children across the Indian urban-rural continuum.

Rationale: Marked socioeconomic health-care disparities are recognized in India, but lung health inequalities between urban and rural children have not been studied.

Objectives: We investigated whether differences exist in spirometric pulmonary function in healthy children across the Indian urban-rural continuum and compared results with those from Indian children living in the UK.

Methods: Indian children aged 5 to 12 years were recruited from Indian urban, semiurban, and rural schools, and as part of the Size and Lung Function in Children study, London.

How to avoid misinterpreting lung function tests in children: a few practical tips.

Assessments of pulmonary function play an integral part in the clinical management of school age children as well as providing objective outcome measures in clinical and epidemiological research studies. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) can also be undertaken in sleeping infants and in awake young children from 3 years of age. However, the clinical utility of such assessments, which are generally confined to specialist centres, has yet to be established.

Wheezing symptoms and parental asthma are associated with a physician diagnosis of asthma in children with sickle cell anemia.

Objective: To identify factors associated with asthma associated with increased sickle cell anemia (SCA).

Study Design: Children with SCA (N = 187; mean age 9.6 years, 48% male) were classified as having "asthma" based on parent report of physician diagnosis plus prescription of asthma medication (n = 53) or "no asthma" based on the absence of these features (n = 134).

The impact of switching to the new global lung function initiative equations on spirometry results in the UK CF registry.

Background: The Quanjer et al. Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI)-2012 multi-ethnic all-age reference equations for spirometry are endorsed by all major respiratory societies and are the new gold standard. Before the GLI equations are implemented for use in CF patients, the impact of changing equations from those currently used needs to be better understood.