Short-term Exposure to Wildfire-Specific PM2.5 and Diabetes Hospitalization: A Study in Multiple Countries and Territories.

Objective: To evaluate associations of wildfire fine particulate matter ≤2.5 mm in diameter (PM2.5) with diabetes across multiple countries and territories.

Sources of noise exposure across Australian workplaces: cross-sectional analysis and modelling the impact of a targeted noise-source reduction initiative.

Context: Workplace noise regulations and guidance follow the hierarchy of control model that prioritizes eliminating or reducing noise at its source.

Objectives: To determine the main sources of workplace noise exposure in the Australian working population and estimate the reduction of workers exposed over the noise limit (LAeq,8h > 85 dB) if noise levels of specific tools or equipment were reduced by 10 dB.

Methods: Information on the tools used and tasks performed during each participant's last working shift was collected from 4,977 workers via telephone survey.

Estimates of global mortality burden associated with short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM).

Background: The acute health effects of short-term (hours to days) exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) have been well documented; however, the global mortality burden attributable to this exposure has not been estimated. We aimed to estimate the global, regional, and urban mortality burden associated with short-term exposure to PM and the spatiotemporal variations in this burden from 2000 to 2019.

Methods: We combined estimated global daily PM concentrations, annual population counts, country-level mortality rates, and epidemiologically derived exposure-response functions to estimate the mortality attributable to short-term PM exposure from 2000 to 2019, in the continental regions and in 13 189 urban centres worldwide at a spatial resolution of 0·1° × 0·1°.

Exposure to low-level ambient air pollution and the relationship with lung and bladder cancer in older men, in Perth, Western Australia.

Background: Air pollution is a cause of lung cancer and is associated with bladder cancer. However, the relationship between air pollution and these cancers in regions of low pollution is unclear. We investigated associations between fine particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide, and black carbon (BC), and both these cancers in a low-pollution city.

Long-term exposure to low-concentration PM and heart disease in older men in Perth, Australia: The Health in Men Study.

Unlabelled: Exposure to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM) is associated with increased risk of heart disease, but less is known about the relationship at low concentrations. This study aimed to determine the dose-response relationship between long-term PM exposure and risk of incident ischemic heart disease (IHD), incident heart failure (HF), and incident atrial fibrillation (AF) in older men living in a region with relatively low ambient air pollution.

The Associations Between Workplace Noise, Ototoxic Chemicals, and Tinnitus.

Objective: To investigate the occupational risk factors associated with tinnitus in the Australian working population.

Design: The research was conducted using data collected from the Australian Workplace Exposure Survey-Hearing, a national cross-sectional study of 4970 workers conducted in 2016 to 2017. Workers were asked if they experienced tinnitus and if they answered affirmatively, they were asked about the frequency and length of the presentations.

Long-term exposure to low air pollutant concentrations and hospitalisation for respiratory diseases in older men: A prospective cohort study in Perth, Australia.

Background: Acute exposure to ambient air pollution even at low concentrations has been associated with increased hospitalisation for respiratory diseases but the effects of long-term exposure are less certain. In this study, we investigated the associations between long-term exposures to PM, PM absorbance and NO and hospitalisation for asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and pneumonia in a cohort of older men living in Perth, Western Australia, a city where the levels of air pollutants are well below the world standards.

Materials And Methods: The study population of 11,156 men with no prior hospitalisation for respiratory disease was drawn from the Health in Men Study (HIMS) cohort of men aged >65 years living in Perth, Western Australia between 1996-1999.

Ambient air pollution and risk of incident dementia in older men living in a region with relatively low concentrations of pollutants: The Health in Men Study.

Background: In areas with moderate to severe air pollution, pollutant concentrations are associated with dementia risk. It is unclear whether the same relationship is present in regions with lower ambient air pollution.

Objective: To determine whether exposure to air pollution is associated with risk of incident dementia in general, and Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia in particular, in older men living in a relatively low ambient air pollution region.

Characterisation of lung function trajectories and associated early-life predictors in an Australian birth cohort study.

Background: There is growing evidence that lung function in early-life predicts later lung function. Adverse events over the lifespan might influence an individual's lung function trajectory, resulting in poor respiratory health. The aim of this study is to identify early-life risk factors and their impact on lung function trajectories to prevent long-term lung impairments.

The association of circadian parameters and the clustering of fatigue, depression, and sleep problems in breast cancer survivors: a latent class analysis.

Purpose: Circadian rhythms control a wide range of physiological processes and may be associated with fatigue, depression, and sleep problems. We aimed to identify subgroups of breast cancer survivors based on symptoms of fatigue, insomnia, and depression; and assess whether circadian parameters (i.e.

Household use of biomass fuel, especially traditional stove is associated with childhood wheeze and eczema: a cross sectional study of rural communities in Kandy, Sri Lanka.

Background: Most households in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) rely on biomass fuel for daily cooking. Studies investigating the association between early life exposure to household air pollution and health outcomes in children in LMICs are limited.

Objective: To investigate the effects of biomass fuel for cooking and different types of stoves on wheeze and allergies in children of rural Sri Lankan communities.

A Longitudinal Study Examining Self-Regulation Practices in Older Drivers with and without Suspected Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Purpose: Mild cognitive impairment can impact driving performance and self-regulation practices. However, there is little evidence on how cognitive impairment may impact these self-regulation practices over a period of time. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine changes in the number and type of situations in which older drivers with and without suspected mild cognitive impairment (MCI) self-regulate their driving over a one-year period, after accounting for relevant confounders.

Prenatal exposure to mixtures of persistent environmental chemicals and fetal growth outcomes in Western Australia.

Background: Environmental chemicals have been implicated in the etiology of impaired fetal growth. However, few studies have assessed the effects of chemical mixtures or considered the possibility of non-monotonic exposure-response relationships for chemicals that act through the endocrine system.

Methods: We assessed exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers, organochlorine pesticides, metals, and perfluorinated alkyl substances in blood and urine samples collected approximately two weeks prior to delivery in 166 non-smoking pregnant women, and subsequent birth weight, length, and head circumference of neonates who were part of the Australian Maternal Exposures to Toxic Substances (AMETS) study.

The prevalence of tinnitus in the Australian working population.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of tinnitus in Australian working people; to identify occupational and demographic factors associated with tinnitus.

Design: Cross-sectional national telephone survey of self-reported frequency and duration of tinnitus.

Setting, Participants: Australian Workplace Exposure Survey (AWES) - Hearing; 4970 currently employed people aged 18-64 years, recruited by random digit dialling, representative by sex of the workforce population, 7 June 2016 - 20 March 2017.

Mental health of new undergraduate students before and after COVID-19 in China.

The purpose of this study was to examine the changes in severity of anxiety and depression symptoms, stress and sleeping quality after three months of mass quarantine for COVID-19 among undergraduate fresh students compared to their pre-COVID-19 measures. We used participants from the Chinese Undergraduate Cohort (CUC), a national prospective longitudinal study to examine the changes in anxiety and depression symptoms severity, stress and sleep quality after being under mass quarantine for three months. Wilcoxon matched pair signed-rank test was used to compare the lifestyle indicators.

The Impact of Cognition and Gender on Speeding Behaviour in Older Drivers with and without Suspected Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Purpose: Mild cognitive impairment and gender can impact different aspects of driving performance and behaviour in older drivers. However, there is little evidence on how these may affect naturalistic speeding behaviour. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the relationship between speeding events and cognitive status for older male and female drivers.

Health and related economic benefits associated with reduction in air pollution during COVID-19 outbreak in 367 cities in China.

Due to the COVID-19 outbreak, the Chinese government implemented nationwide traffic restrictions and self-quarantine measures from January 23 to April 8 (in Wuhan), 2020. We estimated how these measures impacted ambient air pollution and the subsequent consequences on health and the health-related economy in 367 Chinese cities. A random forests modeling was used to predict the business-as-usual air pollution concentrations in 2020, after adjusting for the impact of long-term trend and weather conditions.

Air pollution control efficacy and health impacts: A global observational study from 2000 to 2016.

Particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM) concentrations vary between countries with similar carbon dioxide (CO) emissions, which can be partially explained by differences in air pollution control efficacy. However, no indicator of air pollution control efficacy has yet been developed.

Exposure to Hand-Arm Vibration in the Australian Workforce.

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of hand-arm vibration (HAV) in Australian workplaces.

Methods: The Australian Workplace Exposure Survey (AWES)-Hearing was a cross-sectional telephone survey of Australian workers conducted in 2016-2017. Respondents were asked about the time spent using tools or performing tasks known to be associated with HAV during their most recent working day.

Long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution and risk factors for cardiovascular disease within a cohort of older men in Perth.

While there is clear evidence that high levels of pollution are associated with increased all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality and morbidity, the biological mechanisms that would explain this association are less understood. We examined the association between long-term exposure to air pollutants and risk factors associated with cardiovascular disease. Air pollutant concentrations were estimated at place of residence for cohort members in the Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing Health in Men Study.

Household Air Pollution from Biomass Fuel for Cooking and Adverse Fetal Growth Outcomes in Rural Sri Lanka.

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of biomass fuel for cooking on adverse fetal growth outcomes in Sri Lanka. A cross-sectional study of mothers recruited at maternity clinics in rural communities in Sri Lanka's Central Province was undertaken. Data pertaining to household air pollution and fetal growth parameters were collected using an interviewer-administered questionnaire.

Breast Cancer Risk Factors and Survival by Tumor Subtype: Pooled Analyses from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium.

Background: It is not known whether modifiable lifestyle factors that predict survival after invasive breast cancer differ by subtype.

Methods: We analyzed data for 121,435 women diagnosed with breast cancer from 67 studies in the Breast Cancer Association Consortium with 16,890 deaths (8,554 breast cancer specific) over 10 years. Cox regression was used to estimate associations between risk factors and 10-year all-cause mortality and breast cancer-specific mortality overall, by estrogen receptor (ER) status, and by intrinsic-like subtype.

Driving exposure, patterns and safety critical events for older drivers with and without mild cognitive impairment: Findings from a naturalistic driving study.

Objective: The aim of the study is to compare driving exposure, patterns and factors associated with safety critical events between drivers with MCI and a comparison group without cognitive impairment.

Design, Setting, Participants: Naturalistic driving data using an in-vehicle monitoring device were collected from 36 older drivers with MCI and 35 older drivers without cognitive impairment over a two-week period in Western Australia.

Measurements: Naturalistic driving exposure, patterns (eg.