Retrospective audit of airway management practices in children with craniocervical pathology.

Background: Craniocervical immobilization using halo body orthoses may be required in the management of children with craniocervical junction pathology. To date, the effect of such immobilization on perioperative anesthetic management has not been addressed in large series.

Aims: The aim of this study was to review the airway management of children requiring halo body orthoses undergoing general anesthesia.

Reduction of severe visual loss and complications following intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) for refractory retinoblastoma.

Background: Intra-arterial chemotherapy (IAC) for retinoblastoma has been documented as causing visual loss and ocular motility problems. A lack of safety data has precluded its acceptance in all centres.

Methods: Retrospective cohort study of patients with retinoblastoma from 2013 to 2015 who had a healthy foveola and relapsed following systemic chemotherapy.

Autonomic cardio-respiratory reflex reactions and superselective ophthalmic arterial chemotherapy for retinoblastoma.

Objective: To describe our experience with superselective ophthalmic artery chemotherapy (SOAC) in retinoblastoma and to report the serious adverse cardio-respiratory reactions we have observed.

Methods: SOAC was performed using a standardized protocol for general anesthesia, ophthalmic artery catheterization, and pulsed infusion of melphalan. Adverse reactions were defined as those in which the patient required active treatment to maintain cardio-respiratory stability.

Factors affecting 13C-natural abundance measurement of breath carbon dioxide during surgery: absorption of carbon dioxide during endoscopic procedures.

The aim of this paper is to review the factors which may affect breath (13)CO(2)/(12)CO(2) natural abundance in patients undergoing surgery or intensive care. Intravenous glucose administration is a major determinant of the (13)CO(2)/(12)CO(2) of breath as intravenous glucose preparations are almost all derived from cornstarch. In addition, the oxidation of endogenous substrates can affect the (13)CO(2)/(12)CO(2) ratio.