Social Media Use and Youth Mental Health: Intervention-Focused Future Directions.

Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review is to highlight the challenges related to the study of the relationship between social media use and youth mental health and propose a path forward in intervention-focused research.

Recent Findings: Recent findings relay the need to conceptualize the effects of social media use on youth mental health in a nuanced way. Unique, discrete social media experiences may either contribute to an individual's well-being, ill-being, or both.

Brilacidin, a Non-Peptide Defensin-Mimetic Molecule, Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Blocking Viral Entry.

Brilacidin (PMX-30063), a non-peptide defensin-mimetic small molecule, inhibits SARS-CoV-2 viral infection but the anti-viral mechanism is not defined. Here we determined its effect on the specific step of the viral life cycle. Brilacidin blocked SARS-CoV-2 infection but had no effect after viral entry.

Youth Insight About Social Media Effects on Well/Ill-Being and Self-Modulating Efforts.

Purpose: We aim to investigate youth insight about how their social media use affects them. We hope to understand if and how they self-modulate their use.

Methods: Using a text message-based platform, codable survey responses were returned by a minimum of 871 of 1,144 youth aged 14-24 in November, 2020.

TikTok's Sick-Role Subculture and What to Do About It.

TikTok is a social media platform that allows users to incorporate music, text, and other special effects into short videos. The app has approximately 30 million monthly users in the United States alone, and was the most downloaded app globally in 2020, with 850 million downloads. Like many popular social media platforms, use is heavily skewed toward youth, with one estimate reporting 62% of all users being between the ages of 10 and 29 years.

Psychiatric Evaluation and Management in Pediatric Spinal Cord Injuries: a Review.

Purpose Of Review: To summarize current key recommendations in the evaluation and management of mental health disorders associated with spinal cord injuries (SCI) among pediatric patients, based on a review of recent evidence-based literature and clinical experience.

Recent Findings: Anticipating potential mental health risks among youth with SCI and implementing early multidisciplinary management improves physical and mental health outcomes. When caregivers of youth with SCI model healthy coping strategies, it promotes healthy coping strategies in patients themselves.

Brilacidin Demonstrates Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 in Cell Culture.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the newly emergent causative agent of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), has resulted in more than two million deaths worldwide since it was first detected in 2019. There is a critical global need for therapeutic intervention strategies that can be deployed to safely treat COVID-19 disease and reduce associated morbidity and mortality. Increasing evidence shows that both natural and synthetic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), also referred to as Host Defense Proteins/Peptides (HDPs), can inhibit SARS-CoV-2, paving the way for the potential clinical use of these molecules as therapeutic options.

Item reduction and psychometric validation of the Oily Skin Self Assessment Scale (OSSAS) and the Oily Skin Impact Scale (OSIS).

Introduction: Developed using focus groups, the Oily Skin Self Assessment Scale (OSSAS) and Oily Skin Impact Scale (OSIS) are patient-reported outcome measures of oily facial skin.

Objective: The aim of this study was to finalize the item-scale structure of the instruments and perform psychometric validation in adults with self-reported oily facial skin.

Methods: The OSSAS and OSIS were administered to 202 adult subjects with oily facial skin in the United States.

Clinical evaluation of the Daily Assessment of Symptoms-Anxiety (DAS-A): a new instrument to assess the onset of symptomatic improvement in generalized anxiety disorder.

Introduction: Rapid onset of symptomatic improvement is a desirable characteristic of new generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) treatments. A validated rating scale is needed to assess GAD symptoms during the first days of treatment.

Aims: To provide clinical data to support the validation of the Daily Assessment of Symptoms-Anxiety (DAS-A), a new instrument to assess onset of symptomatic improvement in GAD.

Patient experiences with oily skin: the qualitative development of content for two new patient reported outcome questionnaires.

Objective: To develop the content for two new patient reported outcome (PRO) measures to: a) assess the severity of symptoms; and b) the impact of facial skin oiliness on emotional wellbeing using qualitative data from face to face, and internet focus groups in Germany and the US.

Methods: Using input from initial treatment satisfaction focus groups (n = 42), a review of relevant literature and expert clinicians (n = 3), a discussion guide was developed to guide qualitative inquiry using Internet focus groups (IFGs). IFGs were conducted with German (n = 26) and US (n = 28) sufferers of oily skin.

Development and evaluation of the Daily Assessment of Symptoms - Anxiety (DAS-A) scale to evaluate onset of symptom relief in patients with generalized anxiety disorder.

Background: Fast-acting anxiolytics are important to patients and society. Measuring early onset, however, requires a sensitive and clinically responsive measure. This study develops and evaluates the psychometric properties of a new patient-reported instrument, the Daily Assessment of Symptoms - Anxiety (DAS-A), designed to detect reduction of anxiety symptoms in patients with Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) during the first week of treatment.

The effects of sildenafil on human sperm function in healthy volunteers.

Aims: This double-blind, randomized, four-period, two-way crossover study was conducted to evaluate the acute effects of oral sildenafil (100-mg single dose) on sperm motility, count, density, morphology and vitality as well as ejaculate volume and viscosity in healthy male subjects. The concentrations of sildenafil and its primary circulating metabolite UK-103,320 were measured in ejaculate and compared with those in plasma. The study also included assessments of safety and tolerability.

The effects of steady-state erythromycin and azithromycin on the pharmacokinetics of sildenafil in healthy volunteers.

Aims: Sildenafil, an effective oral treatment for erectile dysfunction, is predominantly metabolized by the cytochrome P450 isozyme 3A4, which is inhibited by a number of the macrolide antibiotics. Therefore, two placebo-controlled, parallel-group studies were conducted to evaluate the effects of multiple doses of erythromycin and azithromycin on the pharmacokinetics, safety and tolerability of a single oral 100-mg dose of sildenafil.

Methods: In the erythromycin interaction study, 26 male volunteers (18--45 years of age) received open-label sildenafil 100 mg on day 1.

Pharmacokinetics of sildenafil after single oral doses in healthy male subjects: absolute bioavailability, food effects and dose proportionality.

Aims: To determine the absolute bioavailability, dose proportionality and the effects of food on the pharmacokinetics of single oral doses of sildenafil citrate.

Methods: Three open-label, randomized crossover studies were conducted in healthy male subjects. Absolute bioavailability was determined by comparing pharmacokinetic data after administration of single oral and intravenous 50-mg doses of sildenafil (n=12 subjects).