Toxicity of 6-hydroxydopamine: live cell imaging of cytoplasmic redox flux.

Oxidative stress contributes to several debilitating neurodegenerative diseases. To facilitate direct monitoring of the cytoplasmic oxidation state in neuronal cells, we have developed roTurbo by including several mutations: F223R, A206K, and six of the mutations for superfolder green fluorescent protein. Thus we have generated an improved redox sensor that is much brighter in cells and oxidizes more readily than roGFP2.