Co-occurrence of non-mosaic trisomy 22 and inherited balanced t(4;6)(q33;q23.3) in a liveborn female: case report and review of the literature.

Trisomy 22 is the third most common autosomal trisomy occurring in about 0.4% of all clinically recognized pregnancies. Complete non-mosaic trisomy 22 is extremely rare in live births.

The impact of an intervention package promoting effective neonatal resuscitation training in rural China.

Objective: To evaluate an intervention package promoting effective neonatal resuscitation training at county level hospitals across China.

Methods: The intervention package was implemented across 4 counties and included expert seminars, training workshops, establishment of hospital-based resuscitation teams, and supervision of training by national and provincial instructors. Upon completing the activities, a survey was conducted in all county hospitals in the 4 intervention counties and 4 randomly selected control counties.

Neonatal resuscitation science, education, and practice: the role of the Neonatal Resuscitation Program.

For almost 25 years, the Neonatal Resuscitation Program of the American Academy of Pediatrics has provided educational tools that are used in the United States and throughout the world to teach neonatal resuscitation. Over that time period, the guidelines for resuscitation have been increasingly evidence-based and a formal system has been established to determine which steps should be updated on the basis of available information. The most recent update occurred in 2010.

A systematic review of retention of adult advanced life support knowledge and skills in healthcare providers.

Objective: Advanced life support (ALS) guidelines are widely adopted for healthcare provider training with recommendations for retraining every two years or longer. This systematic review studies the retention of adult ALS knowledge and skills following completion of an ALS course in healthcare providers.

Methods: We retrieved original articles using Medline, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and PubMed, and reviewed reference citations to identify additional studies.

Glucose management during and after intensive delivery room resuscitation.

Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in preterm and full-term infants. Experimental data from animal studies suggest that interventions that improve survival of injured neurons and prevent delayed neuronal loss may decrease hypoxic ischemic brain injury. Considerable attention has focused on optimizing management of newborns in the period immediately after resuscitation from perinatal asphyxia to minimize delayed neuronal death.

Increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production in newborn brain during hypoglycemia.

Hypoglycemia is associated with gray and white matter injury in immature brain, but the specific mechanisms responsible for hypoglycemic brain injury remain poorly defined. We postulated that mitochondrial electron transport chain function is altered during hypoglycemia due to the decreased availability of reducing equivalents, and that altered activity of the electron transport chain would increase mitochondrial production of free radicals and lead to mitochondrial oxidant injury. The present study tests the hypothesis that production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by cerebral mitochondria is increased during acute hypoglycemia.

Alterations in cerebral mitochondria during acute hypoglycemia.

To test the hypothesis that acute hypoglycemia leads to free radical induced alterations in cerebral mitochondria, newborn piglets were subjected to 2 h of insulin-induced hypoglycemia (blood glucose 1 mmol/l). The effects of free radicals were determined in cerebral cortical synaptosomes, mitochondria, and neuronal nuclei by measuring membrane lipid peroxidation. Fragmentation of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA was also examined.

Modification of glutamate binding sites in newborn brain during hypoglycemia.

We have shown that acute insulin-induced hypoglycemia leads to specific changes in the cerebral NMDA receptor-associated ion channel in the newborn piglet. The present study tests the hypothesis that exposure to acute hypoglycemia in the newborn will alter the glutamate binding site of both NMDA and kainate receptors. Studies were performed in 3-6 days-old piglets randomized to control (n=6) or hypoglycemic (n=6) groups.