When water is thicker than blood: recognising a systemic cause of haemoptysis.

The case of an 11-year-old child presenting with acute haemoptysis and breathlessness is described. The girl was Malaysian and had recently arrived in the UK. She subsequently deteriorated, developing respiratory failure.

Positive trends in paediatric renal biopsy service provision in the UK: a national survey and re-audit of paediatric renal biopsy practice.

Background: Paediatric renal biopsy standards introduced in the UK in 2010 were intended to reduce variation and improve practice. A concurrent national drive was aimed at building robust paediatric nephrology networks to ensure services cater for the needs of the family and minimise time away from home. We aimed to identify current national practice since these changes on behalf of the British Association for Paediatric Nephrology.

Postnatal outcome of prenatally diagnosed severe fetal renal pelvic dilatation.

Objective: We correlated the prenatal severity with the postnatal outcome of prenatally detected renal pelvic dilatation (RPD).

Methods: Cases of prenatally detected RPD referred between January 2002 and December 2008 were included. Severe RPD was defined as an anterior-posterior diameter of 15 mm, mild and moderate dilatation was defined as 6 to <10 mm and 10 to <15 mm, respectively.