Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients with COVID-19: A Review.

Purpose Of The Review: Mounting evidence indicates that individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) face a heightened risk of severe outcomes upon contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Current medications for COVID-19 often carry side effects, necessitating alternative therapies with improved tolerance. This review explores the biological mechanisms rendering COPD patients more susceptible to severe COVID-19 and investigates the potential of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) in mitigating the severity of COVID-19 in COPD patients.

Wearable, self-administered transcranial photobiomodulation for major depressive disorder and sleep: A randomized, double blind, sham-controlled trial.

Background: Device-based treatments exist in psychiatry for decades, but are usually operated by clinicians and require multiple office visits. Near-infrared transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) is a safe neurostimulation modality with potential antidepressant and hypnotic effects. We investigated the feasibility and efficacy of adjunctive tPBM treatment, self-administered by a wearable headband.

The Efficacy of Omega-3 Fatty Acids as the Monotherapy for Depression: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study.

Objective: Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (-3 PUFAs) have demonstrated protective effects in major depressive disorder (MDD) patients receiving antidepressant treatment. However, there have been a few double-blind randomized controlled trials focused on -3 PUFAs as monotherapy in MDD, and the outcomes have been mixed. This study aimed to assess the clinical effects of -3 PUFAs monotherapy in patients with MDD.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Neuroinflammation in Depression: Targeting Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns and Neural Biomarkers.

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a prevalent mental health condition with a complex pathophysiology involving neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and disruptions in neuronal and glial cell function. Microglia, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system, release inflammatory cytokines in response to pathological changes associated with MDD. Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) act as alarms, triggering microglial activation and subsequent inflammatory cytokine release.

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity in Major Depressive Disorder: Restoring Balance for Neuroinflammation and Neuroprotection.

Major depressive disorder (MDD), affecting over 264 million individuals globally, is associated with immune system dysregulation and chronic neuroinflammation, potentially linked to neurodegenerative processes. This review examines blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction in MDD, focusing on key regulators like matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), aquaporin-4 (AQP4), and ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1). We explore potential mechanisms by which compromised BBB integrity in MDD may contribute to neuroinflammation and discuss the therapeutic potential of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs).

How do Differences in Adolescent and Caregiver Reports of Adolescent Adverse Childhood Experiences Relate to Adolescent Depression?

Objective: To compare adolescent and caregiver reports of adolescent adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and their relationship with current adolescent depression and to analyze the relationship between ACEs and depression.

Methods: We recruited 46 adolescent-caregiver dyads from a large, inner-city medical center's adolescent medicine clinic. Adolescents and caregivers completed the Center for Youth Wellness ACE questionnaire, encompassing traditional ACEs (eg, abuse, neglect, household dysfunction) and nontraditional ACEs (eg, foster care, parental death, exposure to community violence).

Cost-effectiveness of avelumab first-line maintenance therapy for adult patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma in France.

Background: This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of avelumab first-line (1L) maintenance therapy plus best supportive care (BSC) versus BSC alone for adults with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (la/mUC) that had not progressed following platinum-based chemotherapy in France.

Methods: A three-state partitioned survival model was developed to assess the lifetime costs and effects of avelumab plus BSC versus BSC alone. Data from the phase 3 JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial (NCT02603432) were used to inform estimates of clinical and utility values considering a 10-year time horizon and a weekly cycle length.

Mothering and mother-child interactions in the unaffected siblings of autistic children.

Aim: To investigate parenting and mother-child interactions in unaffected siblings of autistic children.

Method: This cross-sectional study enrolled 274 probands with a DSM-5 diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (87.4% male; mean [SD] age = 11 years 4 months [3 years 2 months]), their unaffected siblings (n = 274, 46.

Real-world evidence in the reassessment of oncology therapies: payer perceptions from five countries.

This study explored the perceived value of real-world evidence (RWE) in the reassessment of oncology therapies by collecting the perspectives of health technology assessment/payer decision-makers. A web-based survey was conducted using the Market Access Transformation Rapid Payer Response online portal. 30 participants from France, Germany, Spain, the UK and the USA were recruited based on their expertise.

Patient experience and unmet needs in high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer: Insights from qualitative interviews and a cross-sectional survey.

Objectives: To evaluate patient experience, unmet needs, and burden among patients with high-risk nonmuscle-invasive bladder cancer (HR-NMIBC) treated with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG).

Methods: This cross-sectional study included HR-NMIBC patients who received BCG treatment in the past 3 years. The study, preceded by a focused literature review, was conducted in 2 phases: 1) qualitative interviews with 32 patients in the United States (US), France, Germany, and United Kingdom (UK) and 2) quantitative survey of 150 patients in the US.

Treatment patterns in metastatic bladder cancer in Japan: results of the CancerMPact survey 2020.

To assess physician-reported treatment of metastatic bladder cancer in Japan. 76 physicians completed the CancerMPact survey in July 2020, considering patients treated within 6 months. Physicians treated a mean of 38.

Building knowledge using a novel web-based intervention to promote HPV vaccination in a diverse, low-income population.

Objectives: HPV vaccination rates remain suboptimal despite proven efficacy. Data suggest misconceptions or lack of knowledge are leading barriers. Our study aimed to develop and pilot a novel interactive education resource designed to educate parents and patients about HPV vaccines.

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the prevention of relapse in patients with stable bipolar disorder: A 6-month pilot randomized controlled trial.

This study investigated the efficacy and safety of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) in relapse prevention of bipolar disorder (BD), addressing the shortcomings of current medications. Thirty-one stable BD patients were randomized to receive n-3 PUFAs or placebo for 6 months and intergroup differences in the incidence of the recurrence of bipolar depression were assessed. Differences in depression severity, manic symptoms, and routine biochemical parameters were also assessed.

Real-World Analysis of Treatment Patterns and Platinum-Based Treatment Eligibility of Patients With Metastatic Urothelial Cancer in 5 European Countries.

Introduction: The global treatment landscape for metastatic urothelial cancer (mUC) is evolving, with the recent approval of several new therapeutics. To enable informed treatment decisions, a need exists to understand both treatment patterns and how physicians determine platinum-based treatment eligibility status. This study investigated physicians' current approaches to first-line (1L) chemotherapy, treatment patterns, and assessment of platinum-based treatment eligibility of patients with mUC in real-world clinical practice.

Roles of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Managing Cognitive Impairment in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Review.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) contributes significantly to the death of people worldwide, especially the elderly. An essential feature of COPD is pulmonary inflammation, which results from long-term exposure to noxious substances from cigarette smoking and other environmental pollutants. Pulmonary inflammatory mediators spill over to the blood, leading to systemic inflammation, which is believed to play a significant role in the onset of a host of comorbidities associated with COPD.

Reliability, validity, and change thresholds of the NCCN/FACT Bladder Symptom Index (NFBlSI-18) in patients with advanced urothelial cancer.

Background: The NCCN/FACT Bladder Symptom Index-18 (NFBlSI-18) is a bladder cancer-specific instrument. We aimed to psychometrically evaluate the reliability and validity of NFBlSI-18 and estimate change thresholds for total, disease-related symptoms-physical (DRS-P), DRS-emotional (DRS-E), and function/well-being (F/WB) scales in patients with locally advanced/metastatic urothelial cancer (la/mUC).

Methods: JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial data were analyzed.

CASP3 gene expression and the role of caspase 3 in the pathogenesis of depressive disorders.

The aim of our study was to evaluate the expression of the CASP3 gene at both mRNA and protein levels in patients with depressive disorders and to determine the impact of caspase 3 in the pathogenesis of depression; METHODS: A total of 290 subjects, including 190 depressed patients and 100 healthy controls, participated in the study. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected, and the severity of depressive symptoms was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Venous blood was collected and gene expression was evaluated using RT-PCR and ELISA at the mRNA and protein levels, respectively; RESULTS: The expression of the CASP3 gene was significantly lower in depressed patients compared to healthy controls at both the mRNA and protein levels.

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids for Core Symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Previous studies have shown conflicting results for the effectiveness of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in improving attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. This inconsistency may be due to differences in dosage, composition, and treatment duration. The current meta-analysis aims to address this inconsistency by improving subtype analyses and focusing on heterogeneity in treatment duration, omega-3 PUFA composition, and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) dose.

A cost-effectiveness analysis of avelumab plus best supportive care versus best supportive care alone as first-line maintenance treatment for patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma in Taiwan.

Background: Patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma have limited treatment options and a poor prognosis. The JAVELIN Bladder 100 trial showed that avelumab as first-line maintenance plus best supportive care significantly prolonged overall survival and progression-free survival versus best supportive care alone in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma that had not progressed with first-line platinum-containing chemotherapy.

Aims: We assessed whether avelumab plus best supportive care is a cost-effective treatment option versus best supportive care alone in this patient group in Taiwan.

The now and future of ChatGPT and GPT in psychiatry.

ChatGPT has sparked extensive discussions within the healthcare community since its November 2022 release. However, potential applications in the field of psychiatry have received limited attention. Deep learning has proven beneficial to psychiatry, and GPT is a powerful deep learning-based language model with immense potential for this field.

Safety of Supplementation of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

There is no comprehensive review of the evidence to support omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) as a relatively safe and tolerable intervention. This study aimed to provide a meta-analytic and comprehensive review on the adverse effects of all kinds of ω-3 PUFA supplementation reported in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in human subjects. A systematic review of RCTs published between 1987 and 2023 was carried out based on searches of 8 electronic databases.