Neuromuscular Disorders in Pediatric Respiratory Disease.

Respiratory sequelae are a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in children with NMD. Impaired cough strength and resulting airway clearance as well as sleep disordered breathing are the two main categories of respiratory sequelae. Routine clinical evaluation and diagnostic testing by pulmonologists is an important pillar of the multidisciplinary care required for children with NMD.

The US national registry for childhood interstitial and diffuse lung disease: Report of study design and initial enrollment cohort.

Introduction: Childhood interstitial and diffuse lung disease (chILD) encompasses a broad spectrum of rare disorders. The Children's Interstitial and Diffuse Lung Disease Research Network (chILDRN) established a prospective registry to advance knowledge regarding etiology, phenotype, natural history, and management of these disorders.

Methods: This longitudinal, observational, multicenter registry utilizes single-IRB reliance agreements, with participation from 25 chILDRN centers across the U.

A Case Series of Persistent SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Immunocompromised Pediatric Patients.

Diagnosis and management of SARS-CoV-2 infection in immunocompromised patients are extremely challenging. These patients can have atypical clinical courses, and there is a paucity of data regarding clinical features, diagnostic findings, and the safety and efficacy of available therapeutic agents used to treat COVID-19 in these patients. In this case series, we report atypical COVID-19 presentations in 4 immunocompromised pediatric patients who were admitted with acute respiratory failure after an initial diagnosis of COVID-19 a few weeks earlier.

Corticosteroid response predicts bronchopulmonary dysplasia status at 36 weeks in preterm infants treated with dexamethasone: A pilot study.

Importance: A major barrier to therapeutic development in neonates is a lack of standardized drug response measures that can be used as clinical trial endpoints. The ability to quantify treatment response in a way that aligns with relevant downstream outcomes may be useful as a surrogate marker for new therapies, such as those for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Objective: To construct a measure of clinical response to dexamethasone that was well aligned with the incidence of severe BPD or death at 36 weeks' postmenstrual age.

Innovating and adapting in pediatric pulmonology and sleep medicine during the COVID-19 pandemic: ATS pediatric assembly web committee consensus statement for initial COVID-19 virtual response.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been an unprecedented and continuously evolving healthcare crisis. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread rapidly and initially little was known about the virus or the clinical course for infected children. In the United States of America, the medical response has been regionalized, based on variation in community transmission of the virus and localized outbreaks.

Respiratory, growth, and survival outcomes of infants with tracheostomy and ventilator dependence.

Background: Outcome of infants with tracheostomy have not been well described in the literature. Our objective was to describe the respiratory, growth, and survival outcomes of infants with tracheostomy.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 204 infants born between 2005 and 2015 with tracheostomy at <1 year of age and follow-up in the Infant Tracheostomy and Home Ventilator Clinic up to 4 years of age.

Neuroendocrine Cell Hyperplasia of Infancy. Clinical Score and Comorbidities.

Neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy (NEHI) is an important form of children's interstitial and diffuse lung disease for which the diagnostic strategy has evolved. The prevalence of comorbidities in NEHI that may influence treatment has not been previously assessed. To evaluate a previously unpublished NEHI clinical score for assistance in diagnosis of NEHI and to assess comorbidities in NEHI.

Hierarchical and Mediation Analysis of Disparities in Very Short Sleep among Sexual Minority Youth in the U.S., 2015.

Background: Insufficient sleep is associated with increased risk of chronic diseases, substance use, and unintentional injuries. Little is known about the disparities in short sleep among sexual minority youth.

Methods: A nationally representative sample of U.

Clinical Outcomes among Diagnostic Subgroups of Infants with Severe Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia through 2 Years of Age.

Objective: This article aimed to identify readmission risk factors through 2 years of life for infants with severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) who do not require tracheostomy and ventilatory support after neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) discharge. It also aimed to identify if clinical differences exist between the subcategories of severe BPD.

Study Design: A retrospective chart review was performed on 182 infants with severe BPD born between 2010 and 2015.

Acute Post-Tracheostomy Clinical Decompensations in Infants-Are There Predictive Markers?

Objective: To report on the population of infants receiving a tracheostomy, identify acute post-tracheostomy clinical decompensations, and seek predictive markers associated with acute complications following the placement of a tracheostomy.

Study Design: Retrospective deidentified clinical data was provided by the Infant Pulmonary Data Repository at Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City. Data from infants undergoing tracheostomy from January 1, 2008 through September 30, 2016 were divided into one of two study groups based on clinical correlations: (1) no acute decompensations within 72 hours post-tracheostomy or (2) acute clinical decompensation defined as sustained escalation of respiratory care within the 72 hours following tracheostomy.

Rehospitalization in Infants Born < 29 Weeks' Gestation during the First 2 Years of Life: Risk Assessment.

Objective: This study aims to determine risk factors for rehospitalization in extremely premature infants.

Study Design: A retrospective cohort study of 157 infants born < 29 weeks' gestational age assessing risk factors for rehospitalization through 2 years of life.

Results: Multivariable logistic regression showed that an increasing number of respiratory infections (odds ratio [OR]: 1.

Impaired growth at birth and bronchopulmonary dysplasia classification: beyond small for gestational age.

Objective: To correlate intrauterine and postnatal growth with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) classification at 36 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA).

Study Design: A retrospective cohort design reviewing medical records for infants < 29 weeks gestational age (GA) born between 2008 and 2010. BPD classification using physiological definition at 36 weeks PMA and growth parameters at birth and 36 weeks PMA were compared between GA subgroups.

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in a Patient with Acute Epstein-Barr Viral Infection and Eosinophilic Pneumonia.

We report a case of acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with eosinophilic pneumonia in an adolescent with acute Epstein-Barr viral infection.

A theobromine derived silver N-heterocyclic carbene: synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial efficacy studies on cystic fibrosis relevant pathogens.

The increasing incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pulmonary infections in the cystic fibrosis (CF) population has prompted the investigation of innovative silver based therapeutics. The functionalization of the naturally occurring xanthine theobromine at the N(1) nitrogen atom with an ethanol substituent followed by the methylation of the N(9) nitrogen atom gives the N-heterocyclic carbene precursor 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3,7,9-trimethylxanthinium iodide. The reaction of this xanthinium salt with silver acetate produces the highly hydrophilic silver carbene complex SCC8.

Shell crosslinked nanoparticles carrying silver antimicrobials as therapeutics.

Amphiphilic polymer nanoparticles loaded with silver cations or/and N-heterocyclic carbene-silver complexes were assessed as antimicrobial agents against Gram-negative pathogens Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Entry of Burkholderia organisms into respiratory epithelium: CFTR, microfilament and microtubule dependence.

Background: The pathogenesis of infection with Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) organisms may be linked to its capacity to invade respiratory epithelium.

Methods: An antibiotic exclusion assay was used to study B. dolosa AU4459 and B.

The antimicrobial efficacy of sustained release silver-carbene complex-loaded L-tyrosine polyphosphate nanoparticles: characterization, in vitro and in vivo studies.

The pressing need to treat multi-drug resistant bacteria in the chronically infected lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients has given rise to novel nebulized antimicrobials. We have synthesized a silver-carbene complex (SCC10) active against a variety of bacterial strains associated with CF and chronic lung infections. Our studies have demonstrated that SCC10-loaded into L-tyrosine polyphosphate nanoparticles (LTP NPs) exhibits excellent antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo against the CF relevant bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa.