Developing a Collaborative Agenda for Humanities and Social Scientific Research on Laboratory Animal Science and Welfare.

Improving laboratory animal science and welfare requires both new scientific research and insights from research in the humanities and social sciences. Whilst scientific research provides evidence to replace, reduce and refine procedures involving laboratory animals (the '3Rs'), work in the humanities and social sciences can help understand the social, economic and cultural processes that enhance or impede humane ways of knowing and working with laboratory animals. However, communication across these disciplinary perspectives is currently limited, and they design research programmes, generate results, engage users, and seek to influence policy in different ways.

Tobacco exposure in children and adolescents with chronic kidney disease: parental behavior and knowledge. A study from the Midwest Pediatric Nephrology Consortium.

Aim: The incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is high. Exposure to second hand smoke (SHS) is a known risk factor for CVD. Due to a recent report of high incidence of SHS in children with CKD, we sought to investigate via questionnaire the smoking behaviors of caregivers of children with CKD.

Granzyme B deficiency exacerbates lung inflammation in mice after acute lung injury.

Granzyme B (GzmB) is a serine protease with intracellular and extracellular activities capable of regulating inflammation through cytokine processing and the apoptosis of effector cells. We tested the hypothesis that GzmB expression in T regulatory cells (Tregs) is required for the control of inflammatory responses and pathology during acute lung injury. To substantiate the clinical relevance of GzmB during lung injury, we performed GzmB immunohistochemistry on lung tissue from patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and healthy control subjects.

Culture and psychosocial function in british and Japanese people with an ostomy.

Purpose: We compared social and psychological adjustment to surgery ending with an ostomy in British and Japanese patients.

Methods: In response to a postal survey, 948 ostomy patients (464 British and 484 Japanese), selected at random from respective national databases, provided assessable data on the Ostomy Adjustment Inventory-23 (OAI-23), a validated scale for measurement of psychosocial adjustment to an ostomy.

Results: Analysis of variance revealed that country of residence (F1,876 = 50.

In vivo role of platelet-derived growth factor-BB in airway smooth muscle proliferation in mouse lung.

Airway smooth muscle (ASM) hyperplasia in asthma likely contributes considerably to functional changes. Investigating the mechanisms behind proliferation of these cells may lead to therapeutic benefit. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB is a well known ASM mitogen in vitro but has yet to be directly explored using in vivo mouse models in the context of ASM proliferation and airway responsiveness.

Metastatic growth from dormant cells induced by a col-I-enriched fibrotic environment.

Breast cancer that recurs as metastatic disease many years after primary tumor resection and adjuvant therapy seems to arise from tumor cells that disseminated early in the course of disease but did not develop into clinically apparent lesions. These long-term surviving, disseminated tumor cells maintain a state of dormancy, but may be triggered to proliferate through largely unknown factors. We now show that the induction of fibrosis, associated with deposition of type I collagen (Col-I) in the in vivo metastatic microenvironment, induces dormant D2.

Reflections on the dialogue process, FRAME and the Three Rs.

My contribution to FRAME's 40th Anniversary meeting started by looking back: offering some reflections on the benefits and difficulties of engaging in wide-ranging dialogue on laboratory animal issues, largely based on experience with two forums - both of which have involved FRAME. Drawing on this discussion, I then looked forward: arguing that such dialogue now has an especially important role to play in developing strategies to replace (and reduce or avoid) the use of animals in research.

Development and psychometric evaluation of the Ostomy Adjustment Inventory-23.

Purpose: This article describes the development of the Ostomy Adjustment Inventory-23 (OAI-23), a self-report, multidimensional scale designed to assess psychosocial adjustment in patients with ostomy.

Subjects And Setting: Five hundred seventy persons with a colostomy, ileostomy, or urostomy, who were randomly selected from 3 national databases, provided assessable data.

Results: The results indicate that the OAI-23 is reliable (the Cronbach alpha = .

Adjustment to colostomy: stoma acceptance, stoma care self-efficacy and interpersonal relationships.

Aim: This paper is a report of a study to examine adjustment and its relationship with stoma acceptance and social interaction, and the link between stoma care self-efficacy and adjustment in the presence of acceptance and social interactions.

Background: There have been significant advances in stoma appliances and an increase in nurses specialising in stoma care. Despite this, a large proportion of patients continue to experience adjustment problems, which suggests that improvements in the management of the stoma are by themselves not enough to enhance psychosocial functioning.

Animals, science, and ethics -- Section III. Critical anthropomorphism, animal suffering, and the ecological context.

Section III discusses the problem of animal suffering and its recognition by "critical anthropomorphism," a serious and thoughtful attempt to bridge the gap between the understanding of human and animal life. This is a method that involves critically using our human experience to recognize and alleviate animal suffering by checking our immediate intuitions about an animal's subjective life against what we can learn from more objective scientific studies. Yet the necessarily imperfect or imprecise nature of any method to get "inside" the animal and to grasp what it subjectively feels accounts for the ongoing difficulties and controversies over the definition of animal suffering.