Canopy effects droplet size distribution and meteorological change.

Wind speed fluctuations measured via a 3-dimensional sonic anemometer recording at 10 Hz returned detailed information both above and within the canopy. The information returned facilitated detailed descriptions of atmospheric energy. In short, large energetic motions equal spray transfer into the target zone, the plant canopy.

Field tests of malathion and permethrin applied via a truck-mounted cold fogger to both open and vegetated habitats.

Field tests of formulated permethrin (Permanone 30:30) and malathion applied by ground ultra-low volume equipment were conducted using caged, laboratory-reared, adult Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus. Cages were placed in an open field and also in semi-dense scrub pine. Two doses, a high and a medium dose of each compound, were applied as suggested by the label.

A comparison of two ultra-low-volume spray nozzle systems by using a multiple swath scenario for the aerial application of fenthion against adult mosquitoes.

Two hydraulic spray nozzle systems, a flat fan and a high-pressure hollow cone, were used for ultra-low-volume application of the mosquito adulticide fenthion under a multiple swath scheme. Eight swaths at 322-m intervals were applied from a height of 91 m to simulate operational conditions. Deposition, effects on nontarget organisms (fiddler crabs), aerial flux, and mosquito (Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus) mortality were monitored for 8,230 m downwind, including the area under all 8 swaths.

A comparison of two spray nozzle systems used to aerially apply the ultra-low-volume adulticide fenthion.

Field experiments with the mosquito adulticide fenthion (Baytex) compared the conventional flat-fan nozzle system (Tee Jet 8002SS) and a new high-pressure hollow-cone nozzle system (1/8 MISS). Ground deposition and aerial flux of the mosquito adulticide fenthion were measured up to 4.83 km downwind by using filter paper and yarn collectors, respectively.