Diversity of post-translational modifications and cell signaling revealed by single cell and single organelle mass spectrometry.

The rapid evolution of mass spectrometry-based single-cell proteomics now enables the cataloging of several thousand proteins from single cells. We investigated whether we could discover cellular heterogeneity beyond proteome, encompassing post-translational modifications (PTM), protein-protein interaction, and variants. By optimizing the mass spectrometry data interpretation strategy to enable the detection of PTMs and variants, we have generated a high-definition dataset of single-cell and nuclear proteomic-states.

Exploration of Nitrotyrosine-Containing Proteins and Peptides by Antibody-Based Enrichment Strategies.

Nitrotyrosine, or 3-nitrotyrosine, is an oxidative post-translational modification induced by reactive nitrogen species. Although nitrotyrosine is considered a marker of oxidative stress and has been associated with inflammation, neurodegeneration, cardiovascular disease, and cancer, identification of nitrotyrosine-modified proteins remains challenging owing to its low stoichiometric levels in biological samples. To facilitate a comprehensive analysis of proteins and peptides containing nitrotyrosine, we optimized an immunoprecipitation-based enrichment workflow using a cell line model.

CN: glucagon-based novel isotope dilution mass spectrometry method for measurement of glucagon metabolism in humans.

Background: Glucagon serves as an important regulatory hormone for regulating blood glucose concentration with tight feedback control exerted by insulin and glucose. There are critical gaps in our understanding of glucagon kinetics, pancreatic α cell function and intra-islet feedback network that are disrupted in type 1 diabetes. This is important for translational research applications of evolving dual-hormone (insulin + glucagon) closed-loop artificial pancreas algorithms and their usage in type 1 diabetes.

Self-Care for Advanced Practice Nursing Students in Rural Primary Care.

Background: Advanced practice RNs (APRNs) working in rural primary care provide a spectrum of health care needs that can lead to professional burnout. As a preventative for burnout, the Institute of Medicine developed a strategy focused on self-care. Understanding the importance of self-care as a preventive for building professional resilience to manage workplace stressors during students' academic years may improve retention.

DIA-Based Proteome Profiling of Nasopharyngeal Swabs from COVID-19 Patients.

Since the recent outbreak of COVID-19, there have been intense efforts to understand viral pathogenesis and host immune response to combat SARS-CoV-2. It has become evident that different host alterations can be identified in SARS-CoV-2 infection based on whether infected cells, animal models or clinical samples are studied. Although nasopharyngeal swabs are routinely collected for SARS-CoV-2 detection by RT-PCR testing, host alterations in the nasopharynx at the proteomic level have not been systematically investigated.

A mass spectrometry-based targeted assay for detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigen from clinical specimens.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has overwhelmed health systems worldwide and highlighted limitations of diagnostic testing. Several types of diagnostic tests including RT-PCR-based assays and antigen detection by lateral flow assays, each with their own strengths and weaknesses, have been developed and deployed in a short time.

Methods: Here, we describe an immunoaffinity purification approach followed a by high resolution mass spectrometry-based targeted qualitative assay capable of detecting SARS-CoV-2 viral antigen from nasopharyngeal swab samples.

Digging deeper into the immunopeptidome: characterization of post-translationally modified peptides presented by MHC I.

Unlabelled: Peptides presented by MHC molecules on the cell surface, or the immunopeptidome, play an important role in the adaptive arm of the immune response. Antigen processing for MHC class I molecules is a ubiquitous pathway present in all nucleated cells which generates and presents peptides of both self and non-self-origin. Peptides with post-translational modifications represent one category of peptides presented by MHC class I molecules.

Preparing Nurse Practitioner Students to Practice in Rural Primary Care.

Background: Gaps remain in rural primary care. To fill this gap, nurse practioner (NP) graduates may need additional training using a rural-specific curriculum framework to be ready to practice in rural primary care.

Method: Ten NP students participated in a 16-week rural immersion.

Development of an instrument to assess nurse practitioner attitudes and beliefs about obesity.

Background And Purpose: Obesity has been identified as the number one health problem in the United States. Estimates are that almost 70% of adults are overweight or obese. The care received by these individuals may be influenced by their weight status.

CE: The obesity epidemic, part 2: nursing assessment and intervention.

Although there are many gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying obesity, several nursing strategies have proven effective in combating this public health crisis. This article, the second in a two-part series, presents a theoretical framework to guide nursing assessment of affected patients and their families, thereby informing intervention. The authors discuss the effects of stigma and bias on the treatment of obesity; how to conduct a thorough assessment of an obese patient; the effectiveness of the most common lifestyle, pharmacologic, and surgical interventions for obesity; and issues to consider in the treatment of obese children.

CE: The obesity epidemic, part 1: understanding the origins.

The obesity epidemic remains a significant health problem in the United States and worldwide, with multiple associated physical and societal costs. To contribute to obesity's treatment and prevention, nurses must be conversant in a wide range of theoretical and clinical perspectives on the problem. This article, the first in a two-part series, defines the terms used in the treatment of obesity and outlines pathophysiologic, psychological, and social factors that influence weight control.

The Role and Influence of Faith Leaders on Health-Related Issues and Programs in their Congregation.

This qualitative study explored the influence of faith leaders on health-related issues within their congregation. Semi-structured interviewers with 24 faith leaders found that chronic conditions and poor health behaviors were the top health challenges facing their congregation. A majority mentioned health-related activities taking place at their church.

Physical activity counseling intervention to promote weight loss in overweight rural women.

Purpose: To identify key behavioral factors that contribute to physical activity and weight management in overweight, rural women and determine the degree to which social support, stage of behavior change, and self-efficacy for physical activity and depressive symptoms are linked to physical activity, body weight, and body mass index (BMI).

Data Sources: Twenty-five overweight or obese rural women completed self-report scales and height and weight measurements; BMI was calculated. Self-report scales included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (physical activity level), Social Support for Exercise and Social Support Questionnaire (social support), Stage of Exercise Adoption (stage of behavior change), Self-efficacy for Exercise (self-efficacy), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (depressive symptoms).

Leading their flocks to health? Clergy health and the role of clergy in faith-based health promotion interventions.

Faith-based organizations are a frequent partner in health promotion due to their large and expansive reach across multiple demographics of the United States. These faith-based organizations are led by clergy members who have a strong influence over their institutions and who shape the physical and social environments of their institutions for health-related matters. The purpose of this review was to examine current issues associated with the health, behaviors, and well-being of clergy, highlight the literature on the role clergy play in delivering effective health promotion interventions, and present recommendations for improving clergy health and the involvement of clergy in faith-based initiatives.

Psychometric evaluation of the Shared Decision-Making Instrument--Revised.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Shared Decision-Making Inventory-Revised (SDMI-R) to measure four constructs (knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and intent) theoretically defined as vital in discussing the human papillomavirus (HPV) disease and vaccine with clients. The SDMI-R was distributed to a sample (N = 1,525) of school nurses. Correlational matrixes denoted moderate to strong correlations, indicating adequate internal reliability.

Choose to Move for Positive Living: physical activity program for obese women.

The Choose to Move for + (Positive) Living program was implemented to increase physical activity among obese women. A holistic approach was used to promote stage of health behavior change, social support, and quality of life and reduce depression. Within 6 months, physical fitness improved and depressive symptoms decreased.

One theoretical framework for cardiovascular disease prevention in women.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality for women in the United States. Vulnerable and underserved women are even less likely to participate in healthy lifestyle behaviors to prevent CVD than the general US population. Many women are not aware that they are at risk for CVD and do not modify unhealthy lifestyle behaviors to reduce their risks for CVD.

Evaluation of the Heart and Soul Physical Activity Program by African American women.

The purpose of this study was to determine the perceptions of African American (AA) women regarding an active lifestyle, and to evaluate the Heart and Soul Physical Activity Program (HSPAP) as a potential strategy to promote physical activity. The HSPAP is a church-based physical activity intervention conceptualized in appraisal, belonging, tangible and self-esteem domains of social support. Seven midlife, sedentary AA women from a Midwestern urban church participated in the group discussion after completing the HSPAP.

The uptake of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine among adolescent females in the United States: a review of the literature.

A comprehensive review of literature was conducted to identify the barriers and facilitators, from the parents'/guardians' and primary care providers' (PCPs) perspective, that are associated with the uptake of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine among adolescent females. Findings from 14 peer-reviewed articles indicate that 37% of adolescent females, 9 to 17 years of age, initiated the HPV vaccine, compared to the national average of 13- to 15-years-olds, which is 50%. The overall uptake and completion rates of the vaccine were low across all racial and ethnic groups.

Heart and soul physical activity program for African American women.

African American women are less physically active than White women and have a higher prevalence of inactivity-related diseases. Increased physical activity is known to reduce the risks for many chronic diseases. Positive health behavior changes have resulted from health promotion interventions conducted in African American churches.

Minimize urinary incontinence: maximize physical activity in women.

Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common problem for women. Many women do not seek professional help for UI because of embarrassment or they believe UI is a normal part of aging. Research findings have shown that pelvic floor muscle strengthening is effective in reducing UI in middle-aged and older women.

Heart and soul physical activity program: social support outcomes.

Objective: To examine changes in specific social support domains following the Heart and Soul Physical Activity Program (HSPAP).

Methods: This experimental repeated-measures nested-design study tested the church-based HSPAP, a social support intervention to promote physical activity in women.

Results: HSPAP participants revealed greater increases in perceived appraisal and esteem support, received tangible support and in the number of physical activity supporters than did the comparison group.

Get moving! Physical activity counseling in primary care.

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to present strategies to improve the effectiveness of physical activity counseling for adults in primary care settings. Adoption of physical activity can be part of a healthy lifestyle to prevent or manage many chronic and debilitating conditions, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity.

Data Sources: Original research articles reporting results from descriptive studies and clinical trials testing the effectiveness of physical activity counseling in primary care.

Effects of a physical activity intervention for women.

Physical activity is associated with health and reduced mortality risk, yet only 15% of U.S. adults achieve adequate activity.