The effect of gingival retraction procedures on periodontal indices and crevicular fluid cytokine levels: a pilot study.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of placement of retraction cord subgingivally upon periodontal indices including plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), pocket depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), and attachment level (AL), as well as gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and TNF-alpha levels.

Methods: Ten teeth in 6 patients who were periodontally healthy were selected. These teeth had pocket depths of 3 mm or less, no evidence of significant loss of attachment, BOP, or plaque accumulation.

Stafne's bone cavity and its utilization in complete denture retention.

This clinical report describes the fabrication of a mandibular denture for an elderly woman who presented with bilateral Stafne's bone cavities. A review of this anatomical entity is presented together with the prosthodontic management of the patient.

Detection of prostaglandin E2 and matrix metalloproteinases in implant crevicular fluid.

Studies show that implants exhibiting peri-implantitis contain elevated levels of the cytokine interleukin-1 beta in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). This study further evaluated possible mechanisms of osseous loss in peri-implantitis by examining GCF samples for the presence of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and proteolytic enzymes, specifically matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Results indicated that levels of PGE2 in healthy sites were not significantly different from those at diseased sites.

Detection and measurement of inflammatory cytokines in implant crevicular fluid: a pilot study.

Peri-implantitis has been shown to possess clinical characteristics similar to those of periodontitis. This pilot study was conducted to determine levels of inflammatory cytokines in crevicular fluid from healthy implants and those implants affected by peri-implantitis. Fifty implants from 13 patients were examined.

Oral soft tissue manifestations and CD4 lymphocyte counts in HIV-infected children.

This study investigated the prevalence of oral soft tissue lesions in children infected with HIV and the relationship of CD4 lymphocyte levels with the prevalence of those lesions. Sixty HIV-positive children enrolled in the Children's Hospital AIDS Program (age 5.8 +/- 3 years) were selected for study.

Heparin fails to potentiate the effects of IL-1 beta-mediated bone resorption of fetal rat long bones in vitro.

Heparin has been identified as a potent modulator of bone resorption. Heparin induces osteoporosis during long-term administration and has been shown in vitro to enhance the effects of other bone resorbing factors, including parathyroid hormone. In this study, we examined the effects of heparin on the bone-resorbing activity of the inflammatory cytokine IL-1 beta.

Effects of plasminogen and interleukin-1 beta on bone resorption in vitro.

Inflammatory bone resorption, a characteristic feature of periodontal disease and rheumatoid arthritis, appears to be mediated by interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta). IL-1 beta has been shown to stimulate a wide range of proteolytic enzymes, including collagenases and plasminogen activators, in particular chondrocytes, synovial cells, and isolated osteoblasts. In this study, we have examined the hypothesis that IL-1 beta may stimulate bone loss by inducing the activity of plasminogen activators (PAs) in bone cultures.

Evaluation of three silicone-based materials as potential retrograde fillings in surgical endodontics.

Endodontic therapy has played an important role in maintaining the integrity of the natural dentition as a fully functional and esthetic masticatory apparatus. Although the sealing of the root canal system is usually accomplished by the conservative endodontic approach, cases which have failed or which involve perforations, broken instruments, or post-crown restorations are almost always treated surgically by using zinc-free amalgam as a retrograde filling material. However, the literature is controversial concerning the health risks and benefits of this material.

Tissue levels of bone resorptive cytokines in periodontal disease.

The levels of 3 bone resorptive cytokines, interleukin 1 alpha (IL-1 alpha), IL-1 beta, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), were assessed in tissues from sites of periodontal disease. As determined by ELISA of tissue extracts, IL-1 beta and TNF alpha were detected in all diseased sites, whereas IL-1 alpha was present in 8/22 sites, IL-1 beta was present in highest concentration (mean +/- SEM: 11,695 +/- 2,888 pg/ml; 672 pM), followed by TNF alpha (434 +/- 135 pg/ml; 26 pM), and IL-1 alpha (342 +/- 160 pg/ml; 20 pM). The levels of all 3 mediators were significantly lower in clinically healthy tissues.

Localization of interleukin-1 beta in human periodontal tissue.

Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) is the predominant form of IL-1 produced by macrophages. IL-1 beta possesses numerous and diverse biological activities. Several of these activities, including fibroblast proliferation, potentiation of the immune response, and stimulation of bone resorption may be of relevance to the pathogenesis of periodontal disease.

Osteoclast activating factor is now interleukin-1 beta: historical perspective and biological implications.

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) represents a family of polypeptides with widespread immunological and non-immunological activity. Recent studies show that osteoclast activating factor (OAF) is homologous to IL-1B. In this review, the biological properties, cell sources and actions of IL-1 are discussed.

Immunochemical evidence in two haplotypes for at least three D region-encoded molecules, D, L, and R.

Sequential immunoprecipitation analyses have defined a new transplantation antigen, designated R, which in addition to the 2 previously isolated D and L molecules is encoded in the D region. All 3 of these gene products are 45,000 m.w.

Role of self carriers in the immune response and tolerance. V. Reversal of trinitrophenyl-modified self suppression of the B-cell response by blocking of H-2 antigens.

Trinitrophenylated syngeneic spleen cells (TNP-SC) are potent tolerogens of the anti-TNP plaque-forming cell (PFC) response in vivo and in vitro. This unresponsive state requires T cells for both its induction and maintenance. Because H-2K/D-restricted cytotoxic T cells are also induced by exposure to TNP-SC, we determined the role(s) of histocompatibility antigens (K, I, and D) in the suppression of the PFC response by TNP-SC.

Role of self carriers in the immune response and tolerance. IV. Active T cell suppression in the maintenance of B cell tolerance to a "T-independent" antigen.

Previous studies indicated that T cells are required for tolerance induction by hapten-modified syngeneic spleen cells (TNP-SC) in vivo. The role of T cells in the maintenance of this unresponsive state has been examined herein. By three criteria--limiting dilution precursor analysis, removal of T cells by anti-Thy-1 + C, and direct mixing experiments--we show that T cells are required for the continued suppression of the B cell response to the T-independent antigen, TNP-POL.

The Qa-1 antigenic system. Relation of Qa-1 phenotypes to lymphocyte sets, mitogen responses, and immune functions.

The antiserum (B6 X A-Tlab) anti-A (Tlaa) defines several TL antigens expressed exclusively on thymocytes. When reacted with peripheral lymphocytes, the same antiserum defines another antigenic system, provisionally termed Qa-1. The genotypic disparity distinguishing the recipients and donors in this immunization comprises a section of chromosome 17 extending from a crossover point between H-2D and Tla to a presently unmarked point beyond Tla.

Separation of helper T cells from suppressor T cells expressing different Ly components. I. Polyclonal activation: suppressor and helper activities are inherent properties of distinct T-cell subclasses.

Concanavalin A, a nonspecific polyclonal activator of T lymphocytes, activates Lyl and Ly23 subclasses to the same degree. After activation, the Ly23 subclass, but not the Lyl subclass, has the following properties: (a) Suppression of the antibody response to sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) in vitro. (b) Production of a soluble factor that suppresses the anti-SRBC response in vitro.

Cyanoacrylate as an adhesive for other medicaments: a study with triamcinalone on the healing of experimental oral ulcers.

This study was undertaken to determine whether cyanoacrylate can be used to adhere other medicaments to oral ulcers in the hope of promoting healing. Triamcinalone was chosen since it is used presently in pastes in the oral cavity. Sixty rats were dived into three equal groups.