Algal EPS modifies the toxicity potential of the mixture of polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) and triphenyl phosphate in freshwater microalgae Chlorella sp.

Triphenyl phosphate (TPP) and polystyrene nanoplastics (PSNPs) are prevalent freshwater contaminants obtained mainly from food packaging, textiles and electronics. Algal extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), a part of natural organic matter, may influence these pollutants' behaviour and toxicity. The presence of EPS can enhance the aggregation of TPP-PSNP mixtures, and reduce the bioavailability, and thus the toxicity potential.

Exploring the clinical connections between epilepsy and diabetes mellitus: Promising therapeutic strategies utilizing agmatine and metformin.

Purpose: Diabetes mellitus (DM) and epilepsy and the psychological and socio-economic implications that are associated with their treatments can be quite perplexing. Metformin is an antihyperglycemic medication that is used to treat type 2 DM. In addition, metformin elicits protective actions against multiple diseases, including neurodegeneration and epilepsy.

Nanomaterials in biology and medicine: a new perspective on its toxicity and applications.

Nanotechnology offers excellent prospects for application in biology and medicine. It is used for detecting biological molecules, imaging, and as therapeutic agents. Due to nano-size (1-100 nm) and high surface-to-volume ratio, nanomaterials possess highly specific and distinct characteristics in the biological environment.